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Drawing on a vertical surface, rather than horizontal (such as blackboard) is often used by occupational therapists as a way of developing fine motor control and visual motor integration in children. In healthy children no difference in graphical quality was shown between drawing on vertical or horizontal surfaces. However, this was not investigated in children with graphomotor impairments.
The goal of this study is to determine whether movements produced on a vertical surface differ in their performance level and muscle activation patterns compared to movements produced on a horizontal surface. The investigators predict that there would be a difference in the level of performance between the two surfaces.
Drawing on a vertical surface, such as a blackboard (rather than a horizontal surface) is often used by occupational therapists as a way of developing fine motor control and visual motor integration in children. While there is anecdotal evidence to support this intervention, preliminary results in healthy children showed no differences in graphical quality while drawing on vertical or horizontal surfaces. This however was not investigated in children with graphomotor impairments.
The goal of this study is to determine whether movements produced on a vertical surface differ in their performance level and muscle activation patterns compared to movements produced on a horizontal surface.
The investigators predict that the level of performance on the vertical surface will exceed the level of performance on the horizontal surface. Additionally, the investigators hypothesize that the proximal muscles will be more activated and fatigued (in longer tasks) while drawing on the vertical surface, while the distal muscle will be more activated and fatigued while drawing on the horizontal surface.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| study | After the parents sign an informed consent form, they will fill out a demographic questionnaire. Than if the Beery VMI test was not yet administered, it would be performed, as well as the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q). Surface electromyography electrodes will be placed on the Upper Trapezius, Extensor Carpi Radialis, and Biceps brachii of the child's dominant hand. The subject will perform 4 copying tasks and 2 tracing tasks on a tablet placed once on a horizontal surface (while sitting) and once on a vertical surface (while standing). | ||
| control | After the parents sign an informed consent form, they will fill out a demographic questionnaire. Than if the Beery VMI test was not yet administered, it would be performed, as well as the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q). Surface electromyography electrodes will be placed on the Upper Trapezius, Extensor Carpi Radialis, and Biceps brachii of the child's dominant hand. The subject will perform 4 copying tasks and 2 tracing tasks on a tablet placed once on a horizontal surface (while sitting) and once on a vertical surface (while standing). |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Normilized Muscle Activity | The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) value for each muscle will be computed as the average of three peaks of the surface electromyography (sEMG) data, which differed by no more than 10% from one another. The mean root mean square (RMS) values of the sEMG data will be normalized by the MVC value for each muscle so that the value is presented by percentage. | day1 |
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Study group Inclusion criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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A total of Forty five 4-6 years old children, referred to occupational therapy
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Aviva Mimouni-Bloch, M.D | Clalit Health Services | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loewenstein hospital | Raanana | Israel | ||||
| Loewenstein Rehabilitation Center |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1463061 | Background | McHale K, Cermak SA. Fine motor activities in elementary school: preliminary findings and provisional implications for children with fine motor problems. Am J Occup Ther. 1992 Oct;46(10):898-903. doi: 10.5014/ajot.46.10.898. | |
| 22690768 | Background | Schwellnus H, Carnahan H, Kushki A, Polatajko H, Missiuna C, Chau T. Effect of pencil grasp on the speed and legibility of handwriting after a 10-minute copy task in Grade 4 children. Aust Occup Ther J. 2012 Jun;59(3):180-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1630.2012.01014.x. |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Study | After the parents sign an informed consent form, they will fill out a demographic questionnaire. Than if the Beery VMI test was not yet administered, it would be performed, as well as the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q). Surface electromyography electrodes will be placed on the Upper Trapezius, Extensor Carpi Radialis, and Biceps brachii of the child's dominant hand. The subject will perform 4 copying tasks and 2 tracing tasks on a tablet placed once on a horizontal surface (while sitting) and once on a vertical surface (while standing). |
| FG001 | Control | After the parents sign an informed consent form, they will fill out a demographic questionnaire. Than if the Beery VMI test was not yet administered, it would be performed, as well as the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q). Surface electromyography electrodes will be placed on the Upper Trapezius, Extensor Carpi Radialis, and Biceps brachii of the child's dominant hand. The subject will perform 4 copying tasks and 2 tracing tasks on a tablet placed once on a horizontal surface (while sitting) and once on a vertical surface (while standing). |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Study | After the parents sign an informed consent form, they will fill out a demographic questionnaire. Than if the Beery VMI test was not yet administered, it would be performed, as well as the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q). Surface electromyography electrodes will be placed on the Upper Trapezius, Extensor Carpi Radialis, and Biceps brachii of the child's dominant hand. The subject will perform 4 copying tasks and 2 tracing tasks on a tablet placed once on a horizontal surface (while sitting) and once on a vertical surface (while standing). |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Normilized Muscle Activity | The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) value for each muscle will be computed as the average of three peaks of the surface electromyography (sEMG) data, which differed by no more than 10% from one another. The mean root mean square (RMS) values of the sEMG data will be normalized by the MVC value for each muscle so that the value is presented by percentage. | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | % mvc | day1 |
|
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Study | After the parents sign an informed consent form, they will fill out a demographic questionnaire. Than if the Beery VMI test was not yet administered, it would be performed, as well as the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q). Surface electromyography electrodes will be placed on the Upper Trapezius, Extensor Carpi Radialis, and Biceps brachii of the child's dominant hand. The subject will perform 4 copying tasks and 2 tracing tasks on a tablet placed once on a horizontal surface (while sitting) and once on a vertical surface (while standing). |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aviva Mimouni-Bloch | Head of The Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Unit | 97297709048 | abloch@clalit.org.il |
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| Raanana |
| Israel |
| 17685172 | Background | Ratzon NZ, Efraim D, Bart O. A short-term graphomotor program for improving writing readiness skills of first-grade students. Am J Occup Ther. 2007 Jul-Aug;61(4):399-405. doi: 10.5014/ajot.61.4.399. |
| 12269511 | Background | Yakimishyn JE, Magill-Evans J. Comparisons among tools, surface orientation, and pencil grasp for children 23 months of age. Am J Occup Ther. 2002 Sep-Oct;56(5):564-72. doi: 10.5014/ajot.56.5.564. |
| 11006808 | Background | Wilson BN, Kaplan BJ, Crawford SG, Campbell A, Dewey D. Reliability and validity of a parent questionnaire on childhood motor skills. Am J Occup Ther. 2000 Sep-Oct;54(5):484-93. doi: 10.5014/ajot.54.5.484. |
| BG001 | Control | After the parents sign an informed consent form, they will fill out a demographic questionnaire. Than if the Beery VMI test was not yet administered, it would be performed, as well as the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q). Surface electromyography electrodes will be placed on the Upper Trapezius, Extensor Carpi Radialis, and Biceps brachii of the child's dominant hand. The subject will perform 4 copying tasks and 2 tracing tasks on a tablet placed once on a horizontal surface (while sitting) and once on a vertical surface (while standing). |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant. | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| OG001 | Control | After the parents sign an informed consent form, they will fill out a demographic questionnaire. Than if the Beery VMI test was not yet administered, it would be performed, as well as the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q). Surface electromyography electrodes will be placed on the Upper Trapezius, Extensor Carpi Radialis, and Biceps brachii of the child's dominant hand. The subject will perform 4 copying tasks and 2 tracing tasks on a tablet placed once on a horizontal surface (while sitting) and once on a vertical surface (while standing). |
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| 0 |
| 13 |
| 0 |
| 13 |
| 0 |
| 13 |
| EG001 | Control | After the parents sign an informed consent form, they will fill out a demographic questionnaire. Than if the Beery VMI test was not yet administered, it would be performed, as well as the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q). Surface electromyography electrodes will be placed on the Upper Trapezius, Extensor Carpi Radialis, and Biceps brachii of the child's dominant hand. The subject will perform 4 copying tasks and 2 tracing tasks on a tablet placed once on a horizontal surface (while sitting) and once on a vertical surface (while standing). | 0 | 35 | 0 | 35 | 0 | 35 |
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