Single shot of intrathecal morphine 100mcg mixed with 25mcg of fentanyl and filled up to make a 2ml solution. This would then be injected into the subarachnoid space through L2-3 or L3-4 following standard procedures.

Single shot of intrathecal morphine 100mcg mixed with 2.5mg of spinal bupivacaine and filled up to make a 2ml solution.This would then be injected into the subarachnoid space through L2-3 or L3-4 following standard procedures.

Parturients in this arm underwent a single shot spinal following standard procedure. the drug mixture was then introduced into the subarachnoid space following free flow of csf. the parturient was the monitored fo labour progression using the standard partogram, vital signs and the visual analogue scale score for pain recorded every 5 min.

The fetus was monitored with an ultrasonic aided fetal Doppler until delivery

Monitoring the level of pain by the visual analogue scale to determine the total duration of analgesia in hours starting 5 min after drug administration

The effect of the drugs to the fetus shall be determined by proxy from the APGAR scores of the baby determined at 1 minute and then at 5 minutes. Poor APGAR scores are those equal or less than seven (7).

Mothers would be asked if they were satisfied with their pain control during labor and if they would recommend to others

Parturients would be monitored for when relief from pain was first felt.