The study is conducted in two stages and open-label stage of the study.

At the first stage of the study, the main purpose was to choose the optimal dose of VM-1500 (20 mg or 40 mg per day) in addition to standard-of-care basic antiretroviral therapy consisting of two NRTIs, in terms of reduction of viral load at Week 12 (<400 copies/ml) in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients.

At the second stage of the study, the main purpose was to evaluate efficacy of VM- 1500 (in the optimal dose selected at the first stage of the study) in comparison to Efavirenz added to standard-of-care antiretroviral therapy of two NRTIs, in terms of reduction of viral load at Week 24 to the undetectable level (<50 copies/ml) in treatment-naïve HIV-1 infected patients.

Open-label stage of the study continued evaluation of viral load and immunological and safety parameters in HIV-1 patients receiving VM-1500 up to Week 96 and additional PK up to Week 100.

This project is an international, multicenter, randomized, partially blind clinical study to evaluate efficacy and safety of two different doses of VM-1500 in comparison with Efavirenz added to standard antiretroviral therapy including two NRTIs in treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Signed Patient Information and Informed Consent Form.
2. Males and females, age ≥ 18 years.
3. HIV-1 infection, confirmed serologically in IFA or immunoblot analysis (or documented HIV-1 infection).
4. Clinically stable HIV infection (clinical stages 1 or 2 according to the WHO classification).
5. Indications (in the Investigator's opinion) for ART, according to the WHO Summary Guideline for use of antiretroviral drugs in HIV prevention and treatment (2013).
6. HIV-1 RNA plasma level ≥ 5 000 copies/ml at screening.
7. СD4+ Т-cells number > 200 cells/mm3 at screening.
8. Laboratory parameters as follows:

White blood cells ≥ 2900/mm3 (2,9 x 109 cells/l) Absolute neutrophils ≥ 1500/mm3 (1,5 x 109 cells/l) Platelets ≥ 100000/mm3 (100 x 109 cells/l) Hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dl Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x ULN AST and ALT≤ 2.5 x ULN Renal function GFR > 60 ml/min

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Primary HIV-1 resistance to ART. Viral resistance mutations are defined as any basic mutations of resistance to NNRTIs, according to the updated list of VIH-1 resistance mutations (International AIDS society, 2013), associated with drug resistance in any genotype.
2. History of antiretroviral therapy (ART), including for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV.
3. Acute hepatitis or hepatic cirrhosis of any etiology; anti-HCV antibodies or HBsAg at screening.
4. Signs of acute infection or positive test result for syphilis, hepatitis A, Toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus, gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis during 30 days before screening.
5. Opportunistic infections of the Category C (Centers of Disease Control (CDC), 2008), excluding Kaposi's sarcoma not requiring systemic therapy.
6. History of tuberculosis of any localization, or tuberculosis at screening, according to x-ray examination.
7. History of malignant tumors (except basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or cervical carcinoma in situ, eliminated and cured ≥ 5 years ago).