The purpose of this study is to develop a new and very rapid diagnostic test for identifying a certain type of bacteria called Enterobacteriaceae in blood. Rapid identification of bacteria will assist in decreasing the use of antibiotics and help more patients survive bacterial infections of the blood.

It is our overall goal to develop a new diagnostic technology that will facilitate antibacterial stewardship to reduce selective pressure and improve patient outcomes. The Institute of Medicine has identified antibiotic resistance as one of the key microbial threats to health in the United States and has prioritized decreasing inappropriate use of antimicrobials as the primary solution to address this threat. The emergence of carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in the United States represents a recent and severe byproduct of excessive antimicrobial use with a high mortality rate in bacteremia. A major barrier toward decreasing use of antimicrobials is lack of sensitive and accurate rapid diagnostic tests for identifying bacterial etiologies of infection.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Laboratory confirmed gram negative bacilli blood culture

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy
• Prisoner

Hospitalized patients with bacterial blood infections.