Group for whom the retropubic mid-urethral sling was tensioned using a Babcock clamp.

Group for whom the retropubic mid-urethral sling was tensioned using a surgical scissor as a spacer.

Abnormal post-operative bladder function a composite outcome assessed at 12 months after surgery. It is one or more of the following: 1) significantly bothersome stress incontinence or over active bladder symptoms after surgery as measured by questions 1, 2, 3 of the Urogential Distress Inventory (UDI-6) 2) a positive cough stress test in the office, 3) re-treatment for stress urinary incontinence (repeat surgery or pessary use), 4) post-operative urinary retention (presence of self-catheterization at 6 weeks post-operatively or beyond, or therapeutic intervention for retention at any time during the 12 months after, such as pelvic floor physiotherapy, sling lysis, urethrolysis, or sacral nerve stimulation.