Functional dyspepsia might have impaired gastric mucosal dysfunction and Puyuanhewei may be helpful to improve the symptoms of FD.

This study aimed to investigate the gastric mucosal dysfunction in functional dyspepsia (FD) and verify the efficacy of Puyuanhewei for treating FD and assess the relationship between gastric microalterations and therapeutic response by endomicroscopy.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Consecutive outpatients aged 18 to 75 years old.
2. FD patients defined by the Rome III classification.
3. Willing to choose pCLE and no organic diseases.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Severe liver, heart, or kidney diseases.
2. Current or past evidence of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, psychosomatic disorders, such as depressive and anxiety disorders, and drug or alcohol abuse.
3. Pregnant or breastfeeding women.
4. Inability to give informed consent.
5. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitors, H2-receptor antagonists, antacids, prokinetics, or other injurious drugs (antibiotics, and steroids) in the prior two weeks.