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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015-000492-27 | EudraCT Number |
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Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is a major event of IPF with an annual incidence between 5 and 10% and is responsible for the death of one third of IPF patients. When AE-IPF occurs, it is associated with poor survival with an overall mortality at 3 months upper of 50%. To date, no treatment has been proved to be effective in AE-IPF but the efficacy of cyclophosphamide (CYC) on survival has been suggested, mainly by retrospective series and needs to be confirmed. This confirmation is mandatory to improve prognosis of AE-IPF but also to avoid unsuspected deleterious effect as it as been shown with immunosuppressor in stable IPF.
Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is a major event of IPF with an annual incidence between 5 and 10% and is responsible for the death of one third of IPF patients. When AE-IPF occurs, it is associated with poor survival with an overall mortality at 3 months upper of 50%. To date, no treatment has been proved to be effective in AE-IPF but the efficacy of CYC on survival has been suggested, mainly by retrospective series and needs to be confirmed. This confirmation is mandatory to improve prognosis of AE-IPF but also to avoid unsuspected deleterious effect as it as been shown with immunosuppressor in stable IPF.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Corticosteroid with placebo | Placebo Comparator | Population is IPF patients with an AE who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined below. All patients will receive non experimental medication with high dose of corticosteroid. |
|
| Corticosteroid associated with Cyclophosphamide | Experimental | Population is IPF patients with an AE who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined below. All patients will receive non experimental medication with high dose of corticosteroid. Intravenous Cyclophosphamide (CYC), 600 mg/m² (adapted to age and renal function, maximal dose of 1.2 g) at Day 0, Day 15, M1, M2 |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyclophosphamide | Drug | Population is IPF patients with an AE who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined below. Intravenous Cyclophosphamide (CYC), 600 mg/m² (adapted to age and renal function, maximal dose of 1.2 g) at Day 0, Day 15, M1, M2 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| "Early" survival | All cause of mortality at 3 months | 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Survival | Overall Survival at M6 and M12 | 6 months and 12 montns |
| Respiratory disease-specific mortality | Respiratory disease-specific mortality at M3 and M6 |
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Inclusion Criteria :
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jean-Marc NACCACHE, PH | Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hôpital Tenon | Paris | France |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22607134 | Background | Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network; Raghu G, Anstrom KJ, King TE Jr, Lasky JA, Martinez FJ. Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med. 2012 May 24;366(21):1968-77. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1113354. Epub 2012 May 20. | |
| 17585107 | Background | Collard HR, Moore BB, Flaherty KR, Brown KK, Kaner RJ, King TE Jr, Lasky JA, Loyd JE, Noth I, Olman MA, Raghu G, Roman J, Ryu JH, Zisman DA, Hunninghake GW, Colby TV, Egan JJ, Hansell DM, Johkoh T, Kaminski N, Kim DS, Kondoh Y, Lynch DA, Muller-Quernheim J, Myers JL, Nicholson AG, Selman M, Toews GB, Wells AU, Martinez FJ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Clinical Research Network Investigators. Acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Oct 1;176(7):636-43. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200703-463PP. Epub 2007 Jun 21. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D054990 | Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011658 | Pulmonary Fibrosis |
| D017563 | Lung Diseases, Interstitial |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003520 | Cyclophosphamide |
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| D000305 | Adrenal Cortex Hormones |
| D011239 | Prednisolone |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010752 | Phosphoramide Mustards |
| D009588 | Nitrogen Mustard Compounds |
| D009150 | Mustard Compounds |
| D006846 | Hydrocarbons, Halogenated |
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| Placebo | Drug | Population is IPF patients with an AE who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined below. |
|
|
| Corticosteroid (prednisolone) | Drug | All patients will receive non experimental medication with high dose of corticosteroid. |
|
|
| 6 months |
| Respiratory Morbidity | \Worsening dyspnea (0-100-mm visual analogue (VAS) scale anchored with 0 ''no breathlessness'' and 10 or 100 ''worst imaginable breathlessness". Worsening is defined an absolute decrease of 10 mm)
| 6 months |
| Chest HRCT features (HRCT images will be scored at 5 levels) | Chest HRCT features at M3 and M6 compared to inclusion | 6 months |
| Prognosis factors of AE-IPF | PFTs results before AE-IPF | 3 months |
| Time to visit after clinical worsening | 3 months |
| Laboratory evaluation (LDH, CRP) at AE diagnosis (composite) | 3 months |
| Prognosis factors of AE-IPF | PaO2 at AE diagnosis | 3 months |
| Prognosis factors of AE-IPF | Chest HRCT features at AE diagnosis compared to HRCT before AE-IPF (if available) | 3 months |
| Prognosis factors of AE-IPF | Chest HRCT classification before AE-IPF (definite UIP, probable UIP, indeterminate), if available | 3 months |
| Time to dispense treatment of AE-IPF | 3 months |
| Hemorrhagic cystitis (occurence of hematuria on urine dipstick and pelvic pain and/or dysuria should lead to cystoscopy) | 6 months |
| Number of Infectious disease | 6 months |
| Diabetes mellitus (capillary blood glucose monitoring and fasting plasma glucose > 1.26 g/l) | 6 months |
| Hypertension (Blood pressure > 160/100 mmHg) | 6 months |
| Clinical laboratory evaluation (blood count, serum creatinin measurement composite) according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Event (CTCAE). | 6 months |
| 23021430 | Background | Oishi K, Mimura-Kimura Y, Miyasho T, Aoe K, Ogata Y, Katayama H, Murata Y, Ueoka H, Matsumoto T, Mimura Y. Association between cytokine removal by polymyxin B hemoperfusion and improved pulmonary oxygenation in patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cytokine. 2013 Jan;61(1):84-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.08.032. Epub 2012 Sep 26. |
| 22130770 | Background | Morawiec E, Tillie-Leblond I, Pansini V, Salleron J, Remy-Jardin M, Wallaert B. Exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis treated with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide pulses. Eur Respir J. 2011 Dec;38(6):1487-9. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00127311. No abstract available. |
| 21860222 | Background | Simon-Blancal V, Freynet O, Nunes H, Bouvry D, Naggara N, Brillet PY, Denis D, Cohen Y, Vincent F, Valeyre D, Naccache JM. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: outcome and prognostic factors. Respiration. 2012;83(1):28-35. doi: 10.1159/000329891. Epub 2011 Aug 23. |
| 18471669 | Background | Agarwal R, Jindal SK. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review. Eur J Intern Med. 2008 Jun;19(4):227-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2007.04.024. Epub 2008 Jan 16. |
| 21471066 | Background | Raghu G, Collard HR, Egan JJ, Martinez FJ, Behr J, Brown KK, Colby TV, Cordier JF, Flaherty KR, Lasky JA, Lynch DA, Ryu JH, Swigris JJ, Wells AU, Ancochea J, Bouros D, Carvalho C, Costabel U, Ebina M, Hansell DM, Johkoh T, Kim DS, King TE Jr, Kondoh Y, Myers J, Muller NL, Nicholson AG, Richeldi L, Selman M, Dudden RF, Griss BS, Protzko SL, Schunemann HJ; ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Committee on Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. An official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT statement: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Mar 15;183(6):788-824. doi: 10.1164/rccm.2009-040GL. |
| 24314711 | Background | Cottin V, Crestani B, Valeyre D, Wallaert B, Cadranel J, Dalphin JC, Delaval P, Israel-Biet D, Kessler R, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Cordier JF, Aguilaniu B, Bouquillon B, Carre P, Danel C, Faivre JB, Ferreti G, Just N, Kouzan S, Lebargy F, Marchand Adam S, Philippe B, Prevot G, Stach B, Thivolet-Bejui F; French National Reference and Competence Centers for Rare Diseases; Societe de Pneumologies de Langue Francaise. [French practical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. From the National Reference and the Competence centers for rare diseases and the Societe de Pneumologie de Langue Francaise]. Rev Mal Respir. 2013 Dec;30(10):879-902. doi: 10.1016/j.rmr.2013.09.007. Epub 2013 Oct 25. No abstract available. French. |
| 23204124 | Background | Nalysnyk L, Cid-Ruzafa J, Rotella P, Esser D. Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: review of the literature. Eur Respir Rev. 2012 Dec 1;21(126):355-61. doi: 10.1183/09059180.00002512. |
| 23100500 | Background | Wuyts WA, Agostini C, Antoniou KM, Bouros D, Chambers RC, Cottin V, Egan JJ, Lambrecht BN, Lories R, Parfrey H, Prasse A, Robalo-Cordeiro C, Verbeken E, Verschakelen JA, Wells AU, Verleden GM. The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis: a moving target. Eur Respir J. 2013 May;41(5):1207-18. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00073012. Epub 2012 Oct 25. |
| 15968010 | Background | Martinez FJ, Safrin S, Weycker D, Starko KM, Bradford WZ, King TE Jr, Flaherty KR, Schwartz DA, Noble PW, Raghu G, Brown KK; IPF Study Group. The clinical course of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Jun 21;142(12 Pt 1):963-7. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-142-12_part_1-200506210-00005. |
| 23848435 | Background | Collard HR, Yow E, Richeldi L, Anstrom KJ, Glazer C; IPFnet investigators. Suspected acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as an outcome measure in clinical trials. Respir Res. 2013 Jul 13;14(1):73. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-73. |
| 17255773 | Background | Churg A, Muller NL, Silva CI, Wright JL. Acute exacerbation (acute lung injury of unknown cause) in UIP and other forms of fibrotic interstitial pneumonias. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007 Feb;31(2):277-84. doi: 10.1097/01.pas.0000213341.70852.9d. |
| 21235829 | Background | Papiris SA, Manali ED, Kolilekas L, Kagouridis K, Triantafillidou C, Tsangaris I, Roussos C. Clinical review: idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis acute exacerbations--unravelling Ariadne's thread. Crit Care. 2010;14(6):246. doi: 10.1186/cc9241. Epub 2010 Dec 22. |
| 20595144 | Background | Song JW, Hong SB, Lim CM, Koh Y, Kim DS. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: incidence, risk factors and outcome. Eur Respir J. 2011 Feb;37(2):356-63. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00159709. Epub 2010 Jul 1. |
| 18451320 | Background | Akira M, Kozuka T, Yamamoto S, Sakatani M. Computed tomography findings in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Aug 15;178(4):372-8. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200709-1365OC. Epub 2008 May 1. |
| 14621091 | Background | Ambrosini V, Cancellieri A, Chilosi M, Zompatori M, Trisolini R, Saragoni L, Poletti V. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: report of a series. Eur Respir J. 2003 Nov;22(5):821-6. doi: 10.1183/09031936.03.00022703. |
| 16387947 | Background | Kim DS, Park JH, Park BK, Lee JS, Nicholson AG, Colby T. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: frequency and clinical features. Eur Respir J. 2006 Jan;27(1):143-50. doi: 10.1183/09031936.06.00114004. |
| 21822949 | Background | Fujimoto K, Taniguchi H, Johkoh T, Kondoh Y, Ichikado K, Sumikawa H, Ogura T, Kataoka K, Endo T, Kawaguchi A, Muller NL. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: high-resolution CT scores predict mortality. Eur Radiol. 2012 Jan;22(1):83-92. doi: 10.1007/s00330-011-2211-6. Epub 2011 Aug 7. |
| 16584880 | Background | Kondoh Y, Taniguchi H, Kitaichi M, Yokoi T, Johkoh T, Oishi T, Kimura T, Nishiyama O, Kato K, du Bois RM. Acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia following surgical lung biopsy. Respir Med. 2006 Oct;100(10):1753-9. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2006.02.002. Epub 2006 Apr 3. |
| 12760290 | Background | Rice AJ, Wells AU, Bouros D, du Bois RM, Hansell DM, Polychronopoulos V, Vassilakis D, Kerr JR, Evans TW, Nicholson AG. Terminal diffuse alveolar damage in relation to interstitial pneumonias. An autopsy study. Am J Clin Pathol. 2003 May;119(5):709-14. doi: 10.1309/UVAR-MDY8-FE9F-JDKU. |
| 17875058 | Background | Tomioka H, Sakurai T, Hashimoto K, Iwasaki H. Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: role of Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection. Respirology. 2007 Sep;12(5):700-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2007.01119.x. |
| 19451574 | Background | de Groot K, Harper L, Jayne DR, Flores Suarez LF, Gregorini G, Gross WL, Luqmani R, Pusey CD, Rasmussen N, Sinico RA, Tesar V, Vanhille P, Westman K, Savage CO; EUVAS (European Vasculitis Study Group). Pulse versus daily oral cyclophosphamide for induction of remission in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009 May 19;150(10):670-80. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-150-10-200905190-00004. |
| 16790698 | Background | Tashkin DP, Elashoff R, Clements PJ, Goldin J, Roth MD, Furst DE, Arriola E, Silver R, Strange C, Bolster M, Seibold JR, Riley DJ, Hsu VM, Varga J, Schraufnagel DE, Theodore A, Simms R, Wise R, Wigley F, White B, Steen V, Read C, Mayes M, Parsley E, Mubarak K, Connolly MK, Golden J, Olman M, Fessler B, Rothfield N, Metersky M; Scleroderma Lung Study Research Group. Cyclophosphamide versus placebo in scleroderma lung disease. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jun 22;354(25):2655-66. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa055120. |
| 24361163 | Background | Cottin V, Cadranel J, Crestani B, Dalphin JC, Delaval P, Israel-Biet D, Kessler R, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Valeyre D, Wallaert B, Bouquillon B, Cordier JF. Management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in France: a survey of 1244 pulmonologists. Respir Med. 2014 Jan;108(1):195-202. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.11.017. Epub 2013 Dec 3. |
| 34506761 | Result | Naccache JM, Jouneau S, Didier M, Borie R, Cachanado M, Bourdin A, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Bonniaud P, Israel-Biet D, Prevot G, Hirschi S, Lebargy F, Marchand-Adam S, Bautin N, Traclet J, Gomez E, Leroy S, Gagnadoux F, Riviere F, Bergot E, Gondouin A, Blanchard E, Parrot A, Blanc FX, Chabrol A, Dominique S, Gibelin A, Tazi A, Berard L, Brillet PY, Debray MP, Rousseau A, Kerjouan M, Freynet O, Dombret MC, Gamez AS, Nieves A, Beltramo G, Pastre J, Le Borgne-Krams A, Degot T, Launois C, Plantier L, Wemeau-Stervinou L, Cadranel J, Chenivesse C, Valeyre D, Crestani B, Cottin V, Simon T, Nunes H; EXAFIP investigators and the OrphaLung network. Cyclophosphamide added to glucocorticoids in acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (EXAFIP): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2022 Jan;10(1):26-34. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00354-4. Epub 2021 Sep 7. |
| 30971235 | Derived | Naccache JM, Montil M, Cadranel J, Cachanado M, Cottin V, Crestani B, Valeyre D, Wallaert B, Simon T, Nunes H. Study protocol: exploring the efficacy of cyclophosphamide added to corticosteroids for treating acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center phase III trial (EXAFIP). BMC Pulm Med. 2019 Apr 11;19(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s12890-019-0830-x. |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D063088 | Phosphoramides |
| D009943 | Organophosphorus Compounds |
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
| D008722 | Methods |
| D006728 | Hormones |
| D006730 | Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists |
| D011246 | Pregnadienetriols |
| D011245 | Pregnadienes |
| D011278 | Pregnanes |
| D013256 | Steroids |
| D000072473 | Fused-Ring Compounds |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |