The Biological Effect of ESWT and the Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Cannabinoid Receptor in Shoulder Stiffness

The Biological Effect of Extracorporeal Shockwave Technology (ESWT) and the Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Cannabinoid Receptor in Shoulder Stiffness

Investigators recent data showed anti-inflammatory effect of Effect of Extracorporeal Shockwave Technology (ESWT). Little studies focused on the effect and pathomechanism of ESWT on shoulder stiffness.

1. First year:Investigators intend to further delineate the inflammatory mechanism, such as IL-1β, CB1, HSP in the incidence of shoulder stiffness.
2. Second year: Investigators intend to conduct a prospective randomized double-blind study for the clinical effect of ESWT on patients with shoulder stiffness.
3. Third year: Investigators wish to test the biologic effect of ESWT on patients with shoulder stiffness and to elucidate the molecular mechanism for this effect through a randomized comparative study.

Inclusion Criteria:

• aged 18 to 80 years
• receiving surgery for open acromioplasty

Exclusion Criteria:

• shoulder disorders caused by traumatic fracture
• previous surgery
• osteoarthritis
• malignant disorders
• hepatic disorders
• renal disorders