Prevalence of Fabry's Disease in a Population of Patients With Chronic Pain

Prevalence of Fabry's Disease in a Population of Patients With Chronic Pain

Fabry disease is a rare inherited metabolic disorder that predominantly affects heart, kidneys and nervous system. Fabry disease has been searched in series of patients presenting different isolated signs caused by the affection of one of these organs. Acroparesthesias and chronic crises of pain of different origins are reported in the large majority of patients during the progression of the disease. Moreover, this signs are frequently inaugurating the disease. The investigators have previously performed a preliminary single-center study which permitted to identify one female patient with Fabry disease in a series of 147 consecutive patients with chronic pain tested. The investigators now propose to confirm the results of our preliminary study. The investigators plan to evaluate the prevalence of Fabry disease in a series of 1000 patients suffering from chronic pains of undetermined aetiology and consecutively recruited.

Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked multisytemic lysosomal disorder caused by alpha-galactosidase deficiency. Globotriaosylcéramide (Gb3) deposits are observed in almost all tissues examined. Signs of the disease appear earlier and are more severe in affected males than in females. Myocardiopathy, renal failure and neurological signs including chronic pain and peripheral neuropathies are the most frequent signs. The availability of two enzymatic replacement therapies now provides a specific and effective treatment for patients. The prevalence of FD is estimated between 1/40,000 and 1/117,000. The frequency of Fabry disease has previously been estimated in several series of patients presenting one single sign, ie renal failure, hypertrophic myocardiopathy and early onset stroke. However, no data are available about the prevalence of FD in populations of patients suffering from chronic pains of unknown origin.

The diagnosis of FD will be performed by standard procedures following international recommendations. These require the search for a deficiency of alphagalactosidase A activity on leucocytes in males and genetic analysis of the GLA gene in females (Germain et al. 2010).

The patients in whom the diagnosis of FD is established during this study, will be call in for an additional visit in the Investigating Centre in order to confirm the diagnosis and propose suitable assessment and care.

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients of both sex,
• aged from 6 to 80,
• with chronic pains of unknown aetiology including: acroparesthesias, and/or pain crises evolving more than 3 months, continued neuropathic evolving more than 3 months, and/or multiple pains evolving more than 3 months and/or recurrent abdominal crises of pain who come for a clinical visit in the pain Centres of France.

Exclusion Criteria:

• chronic pain of known cause