Patients with 1p/19q-codeleted anaplastic gliomas treated with RT + PCV are at risk of neurocognitive deterioration. Treating these patients with PCV alone (could reduce the risk of neurocognitive deterioration without impairing overall survival.

Multicentric, Randomized phase III study (1:1), Population: newly diagnosed 1p/19-codeleted anaplastic gliomas, Primary objective: To determine whether treating newly diagnosed 1p/19q-codeleted anaplastic gliomas with PCV alone can increase overall survival without neurocognitive deterioration Control group: radiotherapy followed by 6 cycles of PCV chemotherapy. Experimental group: 6 cycles of PCV chemotherapy (radiotherapy being deferred at the time of progression).

Number of centres participating: the 33 centers of the POLA network Recruitment duration: 7 years, the accrual rate being 40 patients per year, and patients are followed-up until the end of the trial.

Inclusion criteria :

Histological confirmation of anaplastic glioma by central pathological review

• Tumor is co-deleted for 1p and 19q
• Age ≥ 18 years of age
• Newly diagnosed and ≤3 months from surgical diagnosis
• Willing and able to complete neurocognitive examination and the QOL
• Karnofsky performance status ≥ 60
• The following laboratory values obtained ≤ 21 days prior to registration:
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1500 /mm3
• Platelet count ≥100,000 / mm3
• Hemoglobin > 9.0 g/dL
• Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
• SGOT (AST) ≤ 3 x ULN
• Negative serum or urine pregnancy test done ≤ 7 days prior to registration, for women of childbearing potential only.
• Provide informed written consent

Exclusion criteria :

• Pregnant and nursing women
• Men or women of childbearing potential who are unwilling to employ adequate contraception during this study and for up to 6 months following the completion of PCV.
• Received any prior radiation therapy or chemotherapy for any CNS neoplasm.