CSI:Brainwave is a multidisciplinary neurophysiological project, developed by the Lab of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and supported by two Neurosurgical Departments. The project officially commenced on April 2014 and the first year was awarded the 2013 Mario Boni Research Grant by the Cervical Spine Research Society-European Section (CSRS-ES). The website for the project can be accessed at http://medphys.med.auth.gr/content/csi-brainwave.

The investigation's primary objectives include the development, testing and optimization of a mountable robotic arm controlled with wireless Brain-Computer Interface, the development and validation of a self-paced neuro-rehabilitation protocol for patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury and the study of cortical activity in acute and chronic spinal cord injury.

CSI:Brainwave project's full title is <Brainwave control of a wearable robotic arm for rehabilitation and neurophysiological study in Cervical Spine Injury> . It is a multidisciplinary neurophysiological project, developed by the Lab of Medical Physics and supported by two Neurosurgical Departments.

The CSI:Brainwave project involves:

1. A clinical study for rehabilitation of patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury (CSCI), using a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) controlled robotic arms device.
2. A secondary off-line neurophysiological analysis of cortical activation, connectivity and plasticity in patients with CSCI undergoing motor imagery (MI) practice.

Milestones of the study:

1. The investigators aim to develop, test and optimize a mountable robotic arm controlled with wireless BCI.
2. The investigators aim to develop and validate self-paced neuro-rehabilitation protocols for patients with CSCI.
3. The investigators aim to identify and study the neurophysiological functionality and alteration of cortical activity in acute and chronic CSCI.

The CSI: Brainwave project aims at allowing patients suffering from tetraplegia due to CSCI to perform brainwave modulation, practicing Kinesthetic Motor Imagery (KMI) and Visual Motor Imagery (VMI), as well as offering neurofeedback with the form of control of a 6-degree-of-freedom, anthropomorphic bimanual robotic arms device. The project aims at demonstrating the added value of neurofeedback for rehabilitation and/or motor restoration of CSCI patients and allow for elaborate recordings of motor-related brain activity during motor tasks of the upper and lower extremities.

The robotic arms are designed to mount on a frame that acts as a docking space for the participants' armchair/wheelchair and will be directly controlled by the participants using a BCI module. The investigators aim to further modify the robotic device in order to render it mountable on the participants' actual arms.

The largest portion of the first project year was devoted to the development of robotics and the Brain-Computer Interface module of the study. The MERCURY v2.0 robotic arms is a non-commercial 6-degree-of-freedom anthropomorphic bimanual robotic arms device that was built and developed by the research team of the Medical Physics Lab. The robot was further engineered to accommodate the needs of the CSI:Brainwave project. The investigators aim to use the Emotiv EPOC wireless EEG headset and software for the development and control of the BCI module in this study.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Clinical diagnosis of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI evaluated by ASIA Impairment Scale).
• Healthy participants (age and gender matched to SCI patients)
• Sufficient documentation of the injury in case of patients (neurological examination, MRI scan of the injury level, optional additional CT or x-rays).
• Signed informed consent (patients and healthy individuals).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Other neurological condition that has a possibility to significantly affect the neurological status of the participants (or) the ability to control a BCI (or) the neurophysiological recordings:

  • Traumatic brain injury
  • Central Nervous System tumors
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  • Parkinson's disease
  • Refractory Epilepsy

• Participation during the last 3months in an another interventional study, the effects of which could affect this study's observations.

• Other grave medical condition that could affect the participation (or) the safety of the participants:

  • Cardiac deficiency
  • Pulmonary deficiency

• Hearing and visual impairments that can affect the participant's understanding of the intervention and performance.

• Illegal drug use

• Chronic alcoholism