Evaluation of Paternal, Maternal and Obstetric Factors Leading to the Hepatitis B Immunization Failure in Hong Kong

Globally, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most common form of chronic hepatitis. There are still a lot of uncertainties on how infants acquired HBV leading to the development of chronic HBV infection despite active and passive immunoprophylaxis. The investigators would like to carry out a prospective study to answer the following questions:

1. the paternal, maternal and obstetric factors leading to immunoprophylaxis failure
2. the prevalence of immunoprophylaxis failure in Hong Kong

Inclusion Criteria:

• All women age ≥ 18 years
• Maternal or paternal hepatitis B carrier

Exclusion Criteria:

• Couples will be excluded if female partners of paternal hepatitis B carrier were occult carrier
• Plan to deliver in other units