Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Emory University | OTHER |
| KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa | UNKNOWN |
| Gram Vikas, Bhubanesar, Orissa | UNKNOWN |
| Loyola Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Orissa |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
This is a matched-cohort study designed to assess the health impact of a rural demand-driven water and sanitation intervention that provides piped treated water and household level pour-flush latrines and bathing rooms, as implemented by Gram Vikas.
We will undertake a matched-cohort study among 84 villages in Ganjam district, Orissa, India to assess the health impact of a program that provides improved water supplies and sanitation to rural villages.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Rural villages in which Gram Vikas has fully implemented its water supply and sanitation (Mantra) intervention. Intervention villages must: 1) be within 3 hours travel to the study office in Brahmapur, 2) have started the intervention by January 2003, and 3) have completed the intervention by January 2013. |
| |
| Control group | Rural villages that have been matched with intervention villages on demographics and other criteria. The sampling frame for control villages is limited to those: 1) within 3 hours travel to the study office in Brahmapur, and 2) within Gram Panchayats which do not include an intervention village and are not adjacent to an intervention village, to minimize spillover effects. In addition, both intervention and control villages must appear in the Government of India Census in 2001. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Improved water supply and sanitation | Behavioral | Village-level reticulated water supply with distribution to household taps; pour-flush pit latrines. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Reported diarrhoea in children <5 years | 7-day recall, assessed 4 times during 3-month follow-up rounds |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Reported lower respiratory infection in children <5 | 7-day recall, assessed 4 times during 3-month follow-up rounds | |
| Diarrhoea among all ages | 7-day recall, assessed 4 times during 3-month follow-up roundsits |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Rural householders living in Ganjam district, Orissa, India.
Not provided
Not provided
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine | London | WC1E 7HT | United Kingdom |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33684111 | Derived | Sinharoy SS, Reese HE, Praharaj I, Chang HH, Clasen T. Effects of a combined water and sanitation intervention on biomarkers of child environmental enteric dysfunction and associations with height-for-age z-score: A matched cohort study in rural Odisha, India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021 Mar 8;15(3):e0009198. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009198. eCollection 2021 Mar. | |
| 31363748 |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| UNKNOWN |
| Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation | OTHER |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Stool samples will be collected and divided into two aliquots. One aliquot will be fixed and used for assessing the rate and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection and the second aliquot will be frozen and used to assess biomarkers of environmental enteropathy and enteric infection
| Lower respiratory infection among all ages | 7-day recall, assessed 4 times during 3-month follow-up roundsts |
| Soil-transmitted helminth infection | Stool samples taken and assayed for ascaris, trichuris, hookworm | Point prevalence assessed in rounds 2 (approximately 90-120 days after study commencement) and 4 (approximately 240 to 360 days after study commencement) |
| Height-for-age among children < 2 years | Children height measured and HAZ scores computed | Assessed approximately every 90 days for a total of four measurement over study period |
| Weight-for-age among children <5 | Children weighed and WAZ scores computed | Assessed approximately every 90 days for a total of four measurement over study periodAssessed during all four follow up rounds |
| Biomarkers of environmental enteropathy and enteric infection | Assessed once during round 3 (approximately 180 to 240 days following commencement of study |
| Reese H, Routray P, Torondel B, Sinharoy SS, Mishra S, Freeman MC, Chang HH, Clasen T. Assessing longer-term effectiveness of a combined household-level piped water and sanitation intervention on child diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection, soil-transmitted helminth infection and nutritional status: a matched cohort study in rural Odisha, India. Int J Epidemiol. 2019 Dec 1;48(6):1757-1767. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyz157. |
| 28363920 | Derived | Reese H, Routray P, Torondel B, Sclar G, Delea MG, Sinharoy SS, Zambrano L, Caruso B, Mishra SR, Chang HH, Clasen T. Design and rationale of a matched cohort study to assess the effectiveness of a combined household-level piped water and sanitation intervention in rural Odisha, India. BMJ Open. 2017 Mar 31;7(3):e012719. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012719. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003967 | Diarrhea |
| D006130 | Growth Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012817 | Signs and Symptoms, Digestive |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012499 | Sanitation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003140 | Communicable Disease Control |
| D015980 | Public Health Practice |
| D011634 | Public Health |
| D004778 | Environment and Public Health |
Not provided
Not provided