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The purpose of this study is to determine whether electrical stimulation is effective in the expression of VEGF, VEGFR-2, HIF-1α and NO and healing in diabetic foot ulcer.
30 type 2 diabetic patients with ischemic foot ulceration were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to electrical stimulation (ES, n=15) or sham ES (placebo, n=15) groups. ES group received cathodal direct current for 1 h/day, 3 days/week, for 4 weeks (12 sessions). Wound fluid sample was collected for VEGF, VEGFR-2, HIF-1α and NO measurement in the first and last treatment sessions before and after intervention. Wound surface area (WSA) was measured at 1st, 6th, and 12th session.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electrical stimulation | Active Comparator | In the electrical stimulation group, group who received direct current ES at sensory threshold intensity for 1 h/day, 3 days/week, for 4 weeks (12 sessions) |
|
| Placebo | Placebo Comparator | In the placebo group, the treatment procedure was the same as that the ES group, but the current intensity was zero |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electrical Stimulation | Procedure | Direct current with sensory intensity for one hour |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The wound fluid level of VEGF, VEGFR-2, HIF-1α and NO (pg/ml) | Change from Baseline in wound fluid level of VEGF, VEGFR-2, HIF-1α and NO at 4 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Wound surface area(cm2) | Change from Baseline in wound surface area at 2 and 4 weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Giti Torkaman, PhD | Professor of Physical Therapy, Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares Univercity | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tarbiat Modares University | Tehran | Iran |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017719 | Diabetic Foot |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003925 | Diabetic Angiopathies |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D016523 | Foot Ulcer |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004558 | Electric Stimulation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010812 | Physical Stimulation |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
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| Placebo | Procedure | Direct current with zero intensity for one hour |
|
|
| D007871 |
| Leg Ulcer |
| D012883 | Skin Ulcer |
| D012871 | Skin Diseases |
| D017437 | Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases |
| D048909 | Diabetes Complications |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D003929 | Diabetic Neuropathies |