The purpose of this study is to evaluate the LINX device in patients who have previously undergone laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) for obesity and have chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The study will monitor safety and changes in reflux symptoms.

The objective of this study is to confirm safety and efficacy after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in subjects indicated for LINX is similar to the outcomes that formed the basis for the LINX Premarket Approval to support modification of the current labeling. Presently, there is a precautionary statement that safety and effectiveness of the LINX has not been established for prior esophageal or gastric surgery or endoscopic intervention.

Patients with GERD that have undergone a LSG procedure have limited surgical treatment options if they are looking for an alternative to continuous acid suppression therapy (i.e. proton pump inhibitors or equivalent). One procedure, fundoplication, is extremely difficult to perform as LSG patients have a limited amount of fundus tissue remaining after sleeve surgery. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) may be chosen as a conversion procedure but is more invasive with the potential for serious complications. LINX may be considered as an alternative and less invasive option that may potentially have few complications compared to RYGB.

The study is an observational, multicenter, single-arm study with prospective enrollment. Based on the observational status of the study, no formal statistical hypothesis tests will be conducted. Up to 30 patients meeting the eligibility requirements will be implanted with LINX and followed through 12-months after implant. Up to twelve (12) clinical sites will enroll subjects. Safety evaluations will be ongoing throughout the duration of the study, starting at the implant procedure. Efficacy endpoints will be evaluated at the 12-month visit.

Safety will be evaluated based on the rate of serious device and procedure related adverse events (AEs). Safety will also be evaluated by endoscopy to assess the mucosa and x-rays to verify device location at 12 months post implant. Efficacy will be measured at 12 months (compared to baseline) by examining 3 variables: normalization of total distal acid exposure or at least a 50% reduction, at least a 50% reduction in total GERD-HRQL scores and at least a 50% reduction in average daily PPI dosage.

INCLUSION CRITERIA

Subjects included in the study must meet all the following criteria:

1. Age >22 years
2. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) for obesity >12 months prior to proposed device implantation date.
3. Subject is a surgical candidate, i.e. is able to undergo general anesthesia and laparoscopic surgery.
4. Documented typical symptoms of GERD for longer than 6 months (regurgitation or heartburn which is defined as a burning epigastric or substernal pain which responds to acid neutralization or suppression).
5. Subject requires daily proton pump inhibitor or other anti-reflux drug therapy.
6. Total distal ambulatory esophageal pH must meet the following criteria: pH <4 for >4.5% of the time. Note: Subjects shall have discontinued any GERD medications for at least 7 days prior to testing, with the exception of antacids up to the morning of testing.
7. Subjects with symptomatic improvement on PPI therapy demonstrated by a GERD-HRQL score of <10 on PPI and >15 off PPI, or subjects with a >6 point improvement when comparing their on PPI and off PPI GERD-HRQL scores.
8. GERD symptoms, in absence of PPI therapy (minimum 7 days).
9. If the subject is of child bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test within one week prior to implant and must agree to use effective means of birth control during the course of the study.
10. Subject is willing and able to cooperate with follow-up examinations
11. Subject has been informed of the study procedures and the treatment and has signed an informed consent form.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA

Subjects should be excluded from the study based on the following criteria:

1. The procedure is an emergency procedure.

2. Suspected or known allergies to titanium, stainless steel, nickel, or ferrous materials.

3. Presence of ˃3 cm hiatal hernia as determined by endoscopy or barium esophagram.

4. Subject had any major complications related to the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy that may interfere with, or increase the risks of the LINX procedure (such as, but not limited to, leaks from the gastric remnant and infection at the sleeve gastrectomy)

5. Plans to surgically revise the gastric pouch (either known preoperatively or decided intraoperatively)

6. Currently being treated with another investigational drug or investigational device.

7. Suspected or confirmed esophageal or gastric cancer or prior gastric or esophageal surgery or endoscopic intervention for GERD (with the exception of sleeve gastrectomy).

8. Distal amplitude <35 mmHg or <70% peristaltic sequences (if using Conventional Manometry). -or- If using High Resolution Manometry (exclude for any of the following):

   • Distal Contractile Integral (DCI) ≤ 450 mmHg·s·cm or
   • ≥ 50% ineffective swallows or
   • ≥ 50% fragmented swallows (Fragmented swallows are defined as those with a ≥ 5cm break [large] in peristaltic integrity).

9. Presence of esophagitis - Grade C or D (LA Classification).

10. BMI >35.

11. Symptoms of dysphagia more than once per week within the last 3 months.

12. Diagnosed with Scleroderma.

13. Diagnosed with an esophageal motility disorder such as but not limited to achalasia, nutcracker esophagus, or diffuse esophageal spasm or hypertensive LES.

14. Subject has a history of or known esophageal stricture or gross esophageal anatomic abnormalities (Schatzki's ring, obstructive lesions, etc.)

15. Subject has esophageal or gastric varices

16. History of/or known Barrett's esophagus. Note: The diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus requires both endoscopic and histologic evidence of metaplastic columnar epithelium. Endoscopically, there must be columnar epithelium within the esophagus. Histologically, the epithelium must be metaplastic, as defined by the presence of goblet cells.by

17. Subject cannot understand trial requirements or is unable to comply with follow-up schedule

18. Pregnant or nursing, or plans to become pregnant during the course of the study.

19. Any reason which the Investigator believes may cause the subject to be non-compliant with or unable to meet the protocol requirements.

20. Subject has an electrical implant or metallic, abdominal implants.