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Thermoplastic devices are used in orthodontic treatment and consists of a series of nearly invisible, removable aligners. However, every device used in the mouth can change the buccal flora and increase the number of bacterias. This is a risk factor for enamel demineralization. The treatment can vary in time of use per day. The patient under orthodontic treatment has to use the device for 22 hour each day. When the period of retention comes, it is reduced to 8 hours. The investigators want to know if the concentration of bacterias in saliva and dental plaque will increase, and if the material can cause damage on gingiva.
The orthodontic thermoplastic devices became more affordable and with simple techniques, due to the technological advancement. The main advantage of this appliance is that it is nearly invisible, seen that patients do not want to show braces. Others reasons for searching this kind of treatment is because it is removable. While eating, brushing the teeth or even in a important social event, there is the facility to remove the appliance. In the other hand this appliance, according to the american board association, does not finish the treatment as well as the conventional braces. Another problem is that every device placed in the mouth is more plaque retentive, increasing the risk of enamel demineralization. Also, this device disrupts the normal flow of the saliva, preventing the buffering. This study will analyse the amount of streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus in the saliva and in the biofilm of the teeth and of the appliance, seeded in culture medium. Another point, is check the prognosis of the gingival health owing to the contact with the device during the hole treatment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Retainer use | Active Comparator | The volunteer use a thermoplastic appliance (Essix) for 8hours Interventions:
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| Aligner use | Active Comparator | The volunteer use thermoplastic appliance (Essix) for 22 hours Interventions:
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hours of use (Essix) | Device | the patient will use de thermoplastic device during the night or during all day |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| change in the amount of bacterias streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus sp. that adhere to thermoplastic device | Collect biofilm with a sawb of the thermoplastic device and inoculated at selective plate, to verify the colony-forming unit on the sample | baseline, 15 days, 30 days respectively |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| change in the amount of bacterias streptococcus mutans that adhere to biofilm od the teeth | Collect biofilm with a sawb of the upper teeth and inoculated at selective plate, to verify the colony-forming unit on the sample | Baseline, 15 days, 30 days respectively |
| change in the amount of bacterias lactobacillus sp. that adhere to upper teeth |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Flares Baratto Filho, PhD | Universidade Positivo | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Universidade Positivo | Curitiba | Paraná | 81280-330 | Brazil |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19726491 | Background | Dincer M, Isik Aslan B. Effects of thermoplastic retainers on occlusal contacts. Eur J Orthod. 2010 Feb;32(1):6-10. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjp062. Epub 2009 Sep 2. | |
| 23540639 | Background | do Nascimento LE, Pithon MM, dos Santos RL, Freitas AO, Alviano DS, Nojima LI, Nojima MC, Ruellas AC. Colonization of Streptococcus mutans on esthetic brackets: self-ligating vs conventional. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013 Apr;143(4 Suppl):S72-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.07.017. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008310 | Malocclusion |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014076 | Tooth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018441 | Biofilms |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008827 | Microbiological Phenomena |
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| collect saliva | Other | the patient spit during 30 seconds in a small bottle |
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| collect biofilm | Other | a sterile swab is rubbed at the buccal surface of the upper teeth |
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| collect epithelium | Other | a sterile cytobrush is rubbed at the buccal surface of gingiva at the upper arch |
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Collect biofilm with a sawb of the upper teeth and inoculated at selective plate, to verify the colony-forming unit on the sample |
| Baseline, 15 days, 30 days, respectively |
| change in the amount of bacterias streptococcus mutans in the saliva | Collect saliva and inoculated at selective plate, to verify the colony-forming unit on the sample | Baseline, 15 days, 30 days, respectively |
| change in the amount of bacterias lactobacillus sp. in the saliva | Collect saliva and inoculated at selective plate, to verify the colony-forming unit on the sample | Baseline, 15 days, 30 days, respectively |
| Check any change in the epithelium | Use cytobrush to collect gingiva | Baseline, 15 days, 30 days, respectively |
| 21508267 | Background | Jaderberg S, Feldmann I, Engstrom C. Removable thermoplastic appliances as orthodontic retainers--a prospective study of different wear regimens. Eur J Orthod. 2012 Aug;34(4):475-9. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjr040. Epub 2011 Apr 20. |
| 21187528 | Background | Low B, Lee W, Seneviratne CJ, Samaranayake LP, Hagg U. Ultrastructure and morphology of biofilms on thermoplastic orthodontic appliances in 'fast' and 'slow' plaque formers. Eur J Orthod. 2011 Oct;33(5):577-83. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjq126. Epub 2010 Dec 27. |
| 24880842 | Background | Mai W, He J, Meng H, Jiang Y, Huang C, Li M, Yuan K, Kang N. Comparison of vacuum-formed and Hawley retainers: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014 Jun;145(6):720-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2014.01.019. |
| 19828592 | Background | Thickett E, Power S. A randomized clinical trial of thermoplastic retainer wear. Eur J Orthod. 2010 Feb;32(1):1-5. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjp061. Epub 2009 Oct 14. |
| 18407023 | Background | Ziuchkovski JP, Fields HW, Johnston WM, Lindsey DT. Assessment of perceived orthodontic appliance attractiveness. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008 Apr;133(4 Suppl):S68-78. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.07.025. |
| 22554754 | Background | Turkoz C, Canigur Bavbek N, Kale Varlik S, Akca G. Influence of thermoplastic retainers on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus adhesion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012 May;141(5):598-603. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2011.11.021. |
| 15825788 | Background | Turkkahraman H, Sayin MO, Bozkurt FY, Yetkin Z, Kaya S, Onal S. Archwire ligation techniques, microbial colonization, and periodontal status in orthodontically treated patients. Angle Orthod. 2005 Mar;75(2):231-6. doi: 10.1043/0003-3219(2005)0752.0.CO;2. |
| 23786595 | Background | Shpack N, Greenstein RB, Gazit D, Sarig R, Vardimon AD. Efficacy of three hygienic protocols in reducing biofilm adherence to removable thermoplastic appliance. Angle Orthod. 2014 Jan;84(1):161-70. doi: 10.2319/012413-75.1. Epub 2013 Jun 20. |