it was logistically difficult to obtain the drug needed to conduct the study

The researchers propose to investigate the prevalence of gadolinium in the urine of patients with a prior gadolinium-enhanced MRI before and after a edetate calcium disodium challenge. Moreover, will investigate if there is any correlation of gadolinium urine levels with levels of endogenous (e.g zinc) and xenobiotic metals.

The investigators propose to enroll 20 volunteers in this pilot study, including males older than 20 years and postmenopausal women in two groups: Group 1: Individuals who had a gadolinium-enhanced MRI study within 1-4 weeks before participation and Group 2: Individuals who had gadolinium-enhanced MRI study within 3-6 months before enrollment. The results will inform future analyses of gadolinium retention, excretion, and potential symptoms associated with same.

Thus, the specific aims of this cross sectional study are to:

1. Evaluate levels of gadolinium in the urine of adults with normal kidney function and a prior MRI performed within 6 months at baseline, and after a single dose of edetate calcium disodium .
2. Evaluate levels of endogenous and xenobiotic metal levels and their relationship with gadolinium levels.
3. Evaluate for symptoms of gadolinium toxicity.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subjects who had a contrast enhanced MRI for any indication within 1-4 weeks or 3-6 months, and normal renal function assessed by normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at the time of the gadolinium-enhanced MRI study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Allergy to edetate calcium disodium
• Prior chelation therapy with edetate disodium since the administration of gadolinium
• Blood pressure >160/100
• No venous access
• Platelet count <100,000/mm3
• Liver disease or alanine transaminase (ALT) or aspartate transaminase (AST) >2.0 times the upper limit of normal
• Diseases of copper, iron, or calcium metabolism
• Women of child-bearing potential
• History of lead intoxication; lead encephalopathy; cerebral edema.