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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Avebe U.A. | UNKNOWN |
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The objective of this study is to investigate whether two newly developed sports drink will affect gastric distress (GD) and running performance (RP) compared to an iso-caloric control drink both in a short and longer distance run. Furthermore, the effect of the newly developed sports drinks on gastric emptying will be investigated.
The study will consist of 3 parts. Firstly, a randomized cross-over design is used for the short distance run and the effects on GD and RP. Secondly, a parallel design is used to study the effects of the drinks on GD and RP during a longer distance run. Thirdly, the gastric emptying tests will be performed in a randomized cross-over design. Participants will be asked to fill in questionnaire on the gastric distress they experience. 40 participants will be enrolled to participate in part 1 and part 2. 10 out of 40 will participate in part 3 of the study.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo group | Placebo Comparator | Sports drink containing maltodextrin |
|
| Sports drink 1 | Active Comparator | Sports drink with a specific source of carbohydrates (CHO). |
|
| Sports drink 2 | Active Comparator | Sports drink with a specific source of CHO. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sports drink 1 | Other | Sports drink with a specific source of CHO. |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived degree of gastric complaints after consumption of sports drink and running exercise | Quantified as the score for the perceived degree of experiencing 7 different gastric complaints on a VAS. The total score for gastric distress and the scores for each different gastric complaint will be analysed separately for the three different time points (before, during and after exercise). The total score is the sum of the scores on the separate complaints. | Approximately 10-20 minutes for the 3 km and 40-60 minutes for the 10 km. |
| Finishing time during 10 km running event | Depending on the speed of the participant, an average time frame of 40-60 minutes after starting the run is expected. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Rate of gastric emptying | During 1 hour after ingestion of the sports drink, subjects will breath into a specific bag which will be analysed for the presence of C13 on specific time points. The decrease of C13 in the exhaled air is a measurement for gastric emptying time. | 1 hour after ingestion of sports drink |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jeroen Wouters, Dr. Ir. | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| InnoSportlab Papendal | Arnhem | Gelderland | 6816VD | Netherlands |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11145284 | Background | Leiper JB, Aulin KP, Soderlund K. Improved gastric emptying rate in humans of a unique glucose polymer with gel-forming properties. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2000 Nov;35(11):1143-9. doi: 10.1080/003655200750056600. | |
| 15900642 | Background | Takii H, Takii Nagao Y, Kometani T, Nishimura T, Nakae T, Kuriki T, Fushiki T. Fluids containing a highly branched cyclic dextrin influence the gastric emptying rate. Int J Sports Med. 2005 May;26(4):314-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-820999. |
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| Sports drink 2 |
| Other |
Sports drink with a specific source of CHO |
|
| Placebo | Other | iso-caloric sports drink with maltodextrin as CHO source |
|
| Blood glucose levels |
On specific time points within 1 hour after ingestion of the sports drink, blood glucose levels will be determined to calculate area under the curve for the different sport drinks. |
| During 1 hour after ingestion of sports drink |
| 17852670 | Background | Stephens FB, Roig M, Armstrong G, Greenhaff PL. Post-exercise ingestion of a unique, high molecular weight glucose polymer solution improves performance during a subsequent bout of cycling exercise. J Sports Sci. 2008 Jan 15;26(2):149-54. doi: 10.1080/02640410701361548. |
| 2373584 | Background | Rehrer NJ, Brouns F, Beckers EJ, ten Hoor F, Saris WH. Gastric emptying with repeated drinking during running and bicycling. Int J Sports Med. 1990 Jun;11(3):238-43. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1024799. |
| 2180030 | Background | Moses FM. The effect of exercise on the gastrointestinal tract. Sports Med. 1990 Mar;9(3):159-72. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199009030-00004. |
| 21955383 | Background | de Oliveira EP, Burini RC. Food-dependent, exercise-induced gastrointestinal distress. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2011 Sep 28;8:12. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-8-12. |
| 10048625 | Background | Ploutz-Snyder L, Foley J, Ploutz-Snyder R, Kanaley J, Sagendorf K, Meyer R. Gastric gas and fluid emptying assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1999 Feb;79(3):212-20. doi: 10.1007/s004210050498. |
| 19278045 | Background | Rodriguez NR, DiMarco NM, Langley S; American Dietetic Association; Dietitians of Canada; American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance. Position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and athletic performance. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009 Mar;109(3):509-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.01.005. |
| 19225360 | Background | American Dietetic Association; Dietitians of Canada; American College of Sports Medicine; Rodriguez NR, Di Marco NM, Langley S. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Nutrition and athletic performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009 Mar;41(3):709-31. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31890eb86. |
| 10477362 | Background | Murray R, Bartoli W, Stofan J, Horn M, Eddy D. A comparison of the gastric emptying characteristics of selected sports drinks. Int J Sport Nutr. 1999 Sep;9(3):263-74. doi: 10.1123/ijsn.9.3.263. |
| 10198143 | Background | Maughan RJ, Leiper JB. Limitations to fluid replacement during exercise. Can J Appl Physiol. 1999 Apr;24(2):173-87. doi: 10.1139/h99-015. |
| 16177602 | Background | Rowlands DS, Wallis GA, Shaw C, Jentjens RL, Jeukendrup AE. Glucose polymer molecular weight does not affect exogenous carbohydrate oxidation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Sep;37(9):1510-6. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000177586.68399.f5. |
| 23818981 | Background | Zhu Y, Hsu WH, Hollis JH. The impact of food viscosity on eating rate, subjective appetite, glycemic response and gastric emptying rate. PLoS One. 2013 Jun 20;8(6):e67482. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067482. Print 2013. |
| 2714039 | Background | Siegel JA, Krevsky B, Maurer AH, Charkes ND, Fisher RS, Malmud LS. Scintigraphic evaluation of gastric emptying: are radiolabeled solids necessary? Clin Nucl Med. 1989 Jan;14(1):40-6. doi: 10.1097/00003072-198901000-00011. |
| 1802230 | Background | Chang TM, Passaro E Jr, Shain LR, Chen WL. Physical properties of starch meals in vivo and in vitro and their influence on gastric emptying and oral glucose tolerance test. Nutrition. 1991 Nov-Dec;7(6):410-6. |
| 3048076 | Background | Mourot J, Thouvenot P, Couet C, Antoine JM, Krobicka A, Debry G. Relationship between the rate of gastric emptying and glucose and insulin responses to starchy foods in young healthy adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988 Oct;48(4):1035-40. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/48.4.1035. |