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The mask ventilation is a necessary procedure to provide oxygenation before the tracheal intubation although the gastric insufflation occurs during the mask ventilation. Sugammadex, which is recently introduced, enables the use of high-dose muscle relaxant without concerning the delayed recovery of neuromuscular blockade. It seems that there is no need to perform the mask ventilation in adults with normal airway if the investigators use high-dose muscle relaxant for the anesthetic induction because adequate muscle relaxation can be achieved within 1-2 minutes. Therefore, the investigators hypothesized that routine mask ventilation is not needed in adult patients with normal airway. The investigators will compare the incidence of desaturation and gastric insufflation between the patients with mask ventilation and the patients without mask ventilation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| mask ventilation | Active Comparator | Mask ventilation will be performed before the tracheal intubation. |
|
| no mask ventilation | Experimental | Mask ventilation will not be performed before the tracheal intubation. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mask ventilation | Procedure | In mask ventilation group, rocuronium of 0.6 mg/kg will be administered after the loss of consciousness. Mask ventilation wil be performed until there is no response on the train-of-four stimulus. No mask ventilation - In no mask ventilation group, rocuronium of 1.2 mg/kg will be administered after the loss of consciousness. Tracheal intubation will be performed after confirmation of no response on the train-of-four stimulus. The mask ventilation will not be performed before the tracheal intubation. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Desaturation (saturation less than 95%) | Primary outcome is the incidence of desaturation. Desaturation is defined as the saturation less than 95% which occurs after the anesthetic induction and before the first attempt of tracheal intubation. | until 2 minutes after the completion of tracheal intubation |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| gastric insufflation (observe the antral area of the stomach using ultrasonography) | Secondary outcome is the antral area of the stomach. We will observe the antral area of the stomach using ultrasonography. | until 2 minutes after the completion of tracheal intubation |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine | Seoul | Seoul | 120-752 | South Korea |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000077123 | Rocuronium |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000732 | Androstanols |
| D000731 | Androstanes |
| D013256 | Steroids |
| D000072473 | Fused-Ring Compounds |
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|
| no mask ventilation | Procedure |
|
| Rocuronium | Drug |
|
| D011083 |
| Polycyclic Compounds |