Patients in Clopidogrel therapy alone or in combination with acetylsalicylic acid (Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) presenting with a hip-fracture represent the surgeon with the dilemma of putting the patient at risk of a major blood loss during and after surgery, or putting the patient at risk of a thromboembolic event after surgery. The investigators hypothesize that the risk of a major blood loss in patients that are still under the effect of Clopidogrel or DAPT during or after hip-fracture surgery is relatively low. The investigators have conducted a retrospective observational study on hip-fracture patients to test this hypothesis.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All patients operated with short intramedullary nail for hip-fractures, in the study period. (1st of Jan. 2011-31st of Dec. 2013)

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients operated >24 hours after admission, patients in other forms of anticoagulation medication except acetylsalicylic acid (including vitamin K antagonists, dipyridamole, dabigatran, apixaban and rivaroxaban), missing data on blood loss in patient chart, missing blood samples in the first 4 days and extra-national patients (follow up not possible). Patients operated on both sides during the inclusion period were only included with data on their latest operation.

A total of 356 patients were included in the final analysis. Out of this group we identified 36 patients taking Clopidogrel. 24 of these were in DAPT. 12 patients were in Clopidogrel therapy alone. The indications for treatment were: CNS thrombosis (n=14); Unstable Angina (n=8); Peripheral Atherosclerosis (n=3); Myocardial Infarction (n=2); Insertion of stent >24 months earlier (n=1); and Unknown indication (n=8). All patients had their treatment discontinued on admission.

All analyzed patients were operated within 24 hours of admission (n=356).