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The achievement of peripheral nerve block requires several needle passes, with each of them being at risk of causing nerve injury either by direct trauma or intraneural injection even with the use of the ultrasound.
The ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block is known to be at risk of pneumothorax and / or nerve injury.
This study is designed to determine the maximal effective distance away from the nerve for the injection to be effective.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Success of the ultrasound guided supraclavicular block at 30 minutes after injection at a specific distance of the needle tip from the outer sheeth of the nerve | 30 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| •The onset time of sensory and motor block | the block success will be assessed for each patient every 5 min for 30 mins in the operating room beginning when the needle exits the skin | |
| The proportion of inadequate and failed blocks. | the block success will be assessed for each patient every 5 min for 30 mins in the operating room beginning when the needle exits the skin |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients undergoing upper limb surgery surgery (hand, forearm, elbow)
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| The presence of other complications such as hematoma, infection, pneumothorax. | up to 48 hours post operative. |