Bioavailability of Carotenoids and Flavonoids From Fresh Oranges and Orange Juice.

Bioavailability of Carotenoids and Flavonoids From Fresh Oranges and Orange Juice.

The study was designed as a randomized 2-way cross-over study to assess the bioavailability of carotenoids and flavonoids from sweet oranges and orange juice. Volunteers followed a wash-out period for 2 weeks prior to eating either 400 g of fresh oranges or 719 g of orange juice. The amount of test food was adjusted to deliver an equal amount of β-cryptoxanthin (740 µg). After a consecutive wash-out period of 2 weeks, the procedure was repeated and the volunteers ingested the complementary test food. Blood samples were collected at 8 time points up to 9.5 h after test meal consumption. Additionally, 24 h-urine was collected to evaluate flavonoid recovery.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy adult men and women
• BMI: 17-60
• Age: 18-65

Exclusion Criteria:

• Women who are lactating or pregnant or plan to be pregnant
• Individuals using tobacco products
• Individuals with metabolic or malabsorption disorders
• Individuals with a history of cancer
• Individuals with a history of liver insufficiency
• Individuals with a history of chronic and lipid metabolism-related diseases
• Individuals with an allergy to oranges
• Obese individuals (BMI > 30)