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The study was designed as a randomized 2-way cross-over study to assess the bioavailability of carotenoids and flavonoids from sweet oranges and orange juice. Volunteers followed a wash-out period for 2 weeks prior to eating either 400 g of fresh oranges or 719 g of orange juice. The amount of test food was adjusted to deliver an equal amount of β-cryptoxanthin (740 µg). After a consecutive wash-out period of 2 weeks, the procedure was repeated and the volunteers ingested the complementary test food. Blood samples were collected at 8 time points up to 9.5 h after test meal consumption. Additionally, 24 h-urine was collected to evaluate flavonoid recovery.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Orange Fruit - Orange Juice | Experimental | Sequence of test foods during the intervention period: 1st: Orange fruit; 2nd: Orange juice |
|
| Orange Juice - Orange Fruit | Experimental | Sequence of test foods during the intervention period: 1st: Orange juice; 2nd: Orange fruit |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fresh orange fruit and pasteurized fruit juice | Other |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mean AUC (nmol/L*9.5 h) of beta-cryptoxanthin concentration in blood plasma chylomicrons after ingestion of fresh oranges and orange juice, respectively. | 0 - 9.5 h after each intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mean AUC of hesperidin- and narirutin-metabolite concentration in blood plasma after ingestion of fresh oranges and orange juice, respectively. | 0 - 9.5 h after each intervention | |
| Mean hesperetin and naringenin concentration (µmol/L) in 24 h-urine after ingestion of fresh oranges and orange juice, respectively. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Reinhold Carle, Prof. Dr. | University of Hohenheim | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chair of Plant Foodstuff Technology and Analysis (150d), University of Hohenheim | Stuttgart | Baden-Wurttemberg | 70599 | Germany |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26114420 | Result | Aschoff JK, Rolke CL, Breusing N, Bosy-Westphal A, Hogel J, Carle R, Schweiggert RM. Bioavailability of beta-cryptoxanthin is greater from pasteurized orange juice than from fresh oranges - a randomized cross-over study. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015 Oct;59(10):1896-904. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201500327. Epub 2015 Jul 20. |
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| 0 - 24 h after each intervention |