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The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of a sun protection education program for children of all ethnic and racial backgrounds. Practicing sun protection in childhood can reduce the likelihood of developing skin cancer as an adult. The educational program consists of a read-along book in English and Spanish for the child to read with the parent or caregiver, text message reminders to practice sun protection, and a sun protective swim shirt for the child.
Melanoma is the third most common form of cancer in adolescents and young adults in the United States. Unprotected sun exposure, particularly during childhood, is an important contributing factor in the risk of developing melanoma later in life. Targeting 2-6 year old children for primary prevention of skin cancer will minimize sun damage and may foster lifelong sun-protective behaviors that will reduce the likelihood of developing skin cancer, especially melanoma. Parental beliefs about and involvement in sun protection are important components of successful skin cancer prevention programs for children, especially young children.
This is a 12-week summer pilot study. The research seeks to develop a multicomponent sun protection program that is feasible for family practice and pediatric clinicians to introduce with anticipatory guidance during well-child visits. The program will further be implemented through a sun protection read-along book in English and Spanish and weekly text message reminders.
The sun protection program will enable behavioral change by caregivers and children of all ethnic and racial backgrounds. Testing the feasibility of delivering the intervention in a family medicine or pediatric practice will allow assessment of accrual and retention rates in a racially/ethnically diverse population, and lead the way to dissemination of good practice.
Participant in this study will be asked to complete two in-person visits at an Advocate Medical Group pediatric clinic. These visits will take place over a four to six week period. The first visit, or Baseline, may be on the same day as the child's well-visit. The second visit, or Follow-Up, will take place at the same location as the Baseline.
Participants randomized to the intervention group will receive the educational program at Baseline, whereas participants in the control group will receive the educational program during Follow-Up.
At the first visit (Baseline), the participant will:
At the second visit (Follow-Up), the participant will:
At the end of each visit, the amount of melanin (pigment) in the child's skin will be measured. This involves the use of a Mexameter, a device that lightly presses on the child's arm to take a reading (picture) of how much pigment there is in his/her skin. This is neither painful nor invasive.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Educational program | Active Comparator | Participants randomized to the intervention group will receive the educational program at the baseline visit. |
|
| Control | No Intervention | Participants randomized to the control group will receive the educational program at the follow-up visit. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Educational program | Behavioral | The educational program consists of a short (13 pages) read-along book in English and Spanish. This book presents sun protective practices at an appropriate level for 2-6 year old children to read with their parent or caregiver. A sun protective swim shirt, which provides a sun-protection factor (SPF) of over 50, for the child will be provided. Additionally, the parent will receive weekly text message reminders to practice sun protection. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline Melanin Index at 4-6 weeks | The use of sun protection in those receiving the intervention versus the control group will be examined for correlation with melanin index of child's arm at the baseline and 4-6 week follow-up visit. Spectrophotometer measurement is the wavelength of the reflected light measured in nm. It represents the area under the curve for the all wavelengths of light, thus a reading will be expressed as (192 ±30, mean ± SD). | Baseline and 4-6 Weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| June K Robinson, MD | Northwestern University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Department of Dermatology | Chicago | Illinois | 60611 | United States | ||
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26857829 | Derived | Ho BK, Reidy K, Huerta I, Dilley K, Crawford S, Hultgren BA, Mallett KA, Turrisi R, Robinson JK. Effectiveness of a Multicomponent Sun Protection Program for Young Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2016 Apr;170(4):334-42. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.4373. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| Advocate Medical Group - Pediatric Clinics |
| Park Ridge |
| Illinois |
| 60068 |
| United States |