Sleep Breathing Disorders, a Main Trigger for Cardiac ARythmias in Type I Myotonic Dystrophy ?

Sleep Breathing Disorders, a Main Trigger for Cardiac ARythmias in Type I Myotonic Dystrophy ?

Up to one-third of patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 die suddenly mainly from arrhythmias. Sleep apnea is prevalent in myotonic dystrophy (DM1) patients. Among the serious complications from sleep apnea, the most alarming are arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Diagnosis of sleep apnea using simple tools in ambulatory cardiology practice may improve therapy of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with DM1

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea (CSA), the most common form of sleep disordered breathing (SDB), are prevalent in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Among the serious complications from sleep apnea, the most alarming are cardiovascular, including arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Diagnosis of SDB using simple tools in ambulatory cardiology practice may lead to an important primary or additional therapy to supplement the use of drugs or devices in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.

We hypothesize that DM1 patients with severe oxygen desaturations (Oxygen desaturation index >15/hour of sleep and/or cumulative time spent below 90% of SaO2 above 5% of time of recording) will exhibit three fold more nocturnal arrhythmias compared to DM1 group without oxygen desaturations during sleep.

During this project we will address the following aims:

• Is there a relationship between the severity of oxygen desaturations during sleep and nocturnal arrhythmias? We will address this question in a prospective study with seven nights of at home recordings with a multimodal holter EKG assessing together arrhythmias, thoracic impedance (in order to estimate respiratory movements) and SaO2.
• The specific proarrhythmic role of REM sleep will be assessed during a single night full polysomnography and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT).

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients suffering from myotonic dystrophy (DM1)
• DM1 patients participating in the clinical cohorts of Grenoble, Saint-Etienne and Montpellier.
• Patients implanted or not with pacing devices or cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD).
• Patients treated or not by non invasive ventilation (NIV) at home. As a majority, of the patients with DM1 are poorly adherent with NIV they continue to exhibit significant desaturation during night. Truly compliant patients (mean daily duration>6/h night) will be studied as a predefined subgroup to assess the protective effect of NIV for suppressing oxygen desaturations and avoiding occurrence of nocturnal arrhythmias.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who have had an acute episode of respiratory failure in the previous month
• Incapacitated patients in accordance with article L 1121-6 of the public health code