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To optimize a medical device for intradermal injection, knowledge concerning the thickness of epidermis and dermis at the proximal forearm is required. Since scientific knowledge is lacking, the investigators will examine the skin thickness (epidermis and dermis) of adults using imaging technology (High Frequency Ultrasound). The investigators hypothesize that they are able to correlate the thickness of the (epi)dermis to a specific combination of parameters age, gender, and BMI.
Based on these results, the investigators can define which needle type and length is needed to correctly perform injections into the dermal layer.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants aged 18-30 years | Echographic measurement of skin thickness at the proximal forearm and the deltoid region in participants aged 18-30 years. aimed number: 12 male & 12 female maximum number: 15 male & 15 female |
| |
| Participants aged 31-40 years | Echographic measurement of skin thickness at the proximal forearm and the deltoid region in participants aged 31-40 years. aimed number: 12 male & 12 female maximum number: 15 male & 15 female |
| |
| Participants aged 41-50 years | Echographic measurement of skin thickness at the proximal forearm and the deltoid region in participants aged 41-50 years. aimed number: 12 male & 12 female maximum number: 15 male & 15 female |
| |
| Participants aged 51-65 years | Echographic measurement of skin thickness at the proximal forearm and the deltoid region in participants aged 51-65 years. aimed number: 12 male & 12 female maximum number: 15 male & 15 female |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Echographic measurement of skin thickness | Other | (Epi)Dermal thickness at the proximal forearm and the deltoid region will be measured using imaging technology, more specifically high-frequency ultrasound (20-40 MHz) in B-mode (VEVO 2100®, Visual Sonics). This non-invasive measuring technique has already been proven to be accurate. The echographic measurement will be performed on the left and right deltoid region and on two sides of the proximal forearm. Both the dorsal part and the volar/palmar part of the proximal forearm will be investigated. Ultrasound will be executed using gel (Aquasonic®) to optimize imaging. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| skin thickness (in milimeters) of the proximal forearm dorsal (both left and right) | 10 minutes | |
| skin thickness (in milimeters) of the proximal forearm ventral (both left and right) | 10 minutes | |
| skin thickness (in milimeters) of the deltoid region (both left and right) | 10 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body Mass Index | at the moment of entering the study | |
| Age | at the moment of entering the study | |
| sex |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Participants will be recruited in the vicinity of the university and its university hospital of Antwerp, in the period of January 2015 until April 2015.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Vanessa Vankerckhoven, PhD | CEO | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Laboratory of Physiopharmacology; University of Antwerp; Campus Drie Eiken | Wilrijk | Antwerp | 2610 | Belgium |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27496276 | Derived | Van Mulder TJ, de Koeijer M, Theeten H, Willems D, Van Damme P, Demolder M, De Meyer G, Beyers KC, Vankerckhoven V. High frequency ultrasound to assess skin thickness in healthy adults. Vaccine. 2017 Mar 27;35(14):1810-1815. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.07.039. Epub 2016 Aug 3. |
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| at the moment of entering the study |