This clinical trial studies steady state blood volume maps using ferumoxytol non-stoichiometric magnetite magnetic resonance (MRI) in imaging patients with glioblastoma. MRI is a procedure in which radio waves and a powerful magnet linked to a computer are used to create detailed pictures of areas inside the body. Contrast agents, such as ferumoxytol non-stoichiometric magnetite, may enhance these pictures and increase visibility of tumor cells and the blood vessels in and around the tumors.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. Testing if steady state (SS)-cerebral blood volume (CBV) maps are superior to dynamic susceptibility contrast-(DSC)-CBV maps in visualizing of brain tumor blood volumes.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Development of the SS-CBV mapping for quantitative CBV estimation. II. Assessment of therapeutic response. III. Association with survival. IV. Correlation of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) with histology. V. Assessment of late ferumoxytol (ferumoxytol non-stoichiometric magnetite) enhancement at various stages of disease.

OUTLINE:

Patients receive 2 doses (2nd dose optional) of gadoteridol intravenously (IV) and undergo MRI including DSC or dynamic contrast enhanced imaging (DCE)-CBV mapping over approximately 45-60 minutes on day 1. Within 3 days, patients receive 3 doses of ferumoxytol non-stoichiometric magnetite IV and undergo MRI including DSC and SS-CBV mapping after each dose over approximately 90 minutes. Patients undergo MRI without contrast 24 hours after ferumoxytol non-stoichiometric magnetite over approximately 30 minutes. This 2-3 day series of imaging repeats at different stages of disease and may be performed up to 5 times: prior to surgery, prior to chemoradiation therapy, 4-6 weeks post-chemoradiation therapy, at time of progression on gadolinium MRI per Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria, and again at time of progression (if the previous time of progression showed pseudoprogression).

After completion of study, patients are followed up at 2 and 6 weeks.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subjects must have a known or presumed radiological diagnosis of glioblastoma (GBM); for presumed diagnosis of GBM, histological confirmation of GBM must be completed within 12 weeks of enrollment; (subjects will be removed from study and non-evaluable if no histologic diagnosis of GBM is confirmed)
• Subjects must be enrolled before starting chemoradiation, either pre -or post-surgery
• All subjects, or their legal guardians, must sign a written informed consent and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) authorization in accordance with institutional guidelines
• Sexually active women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; surgical intervention i.e. tubal ligation or vasectomy; post-menopausal > 6 months or abstinence) for at least two months after each cycle of the study; should a female become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately

Exclusion Criteria:

• Subjects with clinically significant signs of uncal herniation, such as acute pupillary enlargement, rapidly developing motor changes (over hours), or rapidly decreasing level of consciousness, are not eligible
• Subjects with known allergic or hypersensitivity reactions to parenteral iron, parenteral dextran, parenteral iron-dextran, or parenteral iron-polysaccharide preparations; subjects with significant drug or other allergies or autoimmune diseases may be enrolled at the investigator's discretion
• Subjects who are pregnant or lactating or who suspect they might be pregnant
• Subjects who have a contraindication for 3 tesla (T) MRI: metal in their bodies (a cardiac pacemaker or other incompatible device), are severely agitated, or have an allergy to gadolinium containing contrast material
• Subjects with known iron overload (genetic hemochromatosis); in subjects with a family history of hemochromatosis, hemochromatosis must be ruled out prior to study entry with normal values of the following blood tests: transferrin saturation (TS) test and serum ferritin (SF) test; all associated costs will be paid by the study
• Subject who have received ferumoxytol within 3 weeks of study entry
• Subjects with three or more drug allergies from separate drug classes

Radiologists will be blinded to the type of cerebral blood volume (CBV) maps (steady state [SS] and dynamic susceptibility contrast [DSC]) and patient information.