In the SL arm, participants will be invited to participate in a Soccer League, led by coaches who meet the criteria of: 1) soccer skills, 2) being a role model, and 3) social competence. Coaches will undergo intensive training in ethics; role-playing the delivery of health messages; conducting brief interventions for alcohol; how to acquire information on HIV, TB, alcohol use and employment; linkages to local clinics, data collection; and Street Smart, an evidence-based intervention for high-risk youth. Coaches will provide pre- and post-game talks, incorporating the topics of alcohol and drugs; interacting positively with health care providers, partners and family members; HIV, diabetes; daily routines; healthy social networks; making and saving money; loyalty and national success.

The SL-V arm will include both the SL intervention as well as access to Vocational Training through either Silulo Ulutho Technologies, which offers computer courses, or Zenzele Training and Development programs, which provides training in woodwork and wielding. Both programs are located in Khayelitsha, which is close to participants' homes, thus avoiding transport-related barriers. Additionally, the training programs occur in a mentor-mentee context so that participants can develop the interpersonal skills required for employment.

Participants in the CC arm will routinely receive flyers with picture stories regarding HIV prevention strategies and how to access these strategies: HIV testing, circumcision, HIV treatment, including ARV, condoms and sexually transmitted diseases.

Participants will be invited to attend soccer practice in the late afternoons, roughly 2-3 times per week. Competitive games will be held on Saturdays so that friends and family may attend. Using a mobile phone application, coaches will regularly record information on participants' arrival and departure times, sportsmanship, volunteering in the community, the results of saliva tests for drugs and alcohol. The SL intervention arm will last for one year.

The primary outcome is the number of 15 outcomes (listed shortly) in which the intervention groups are better at the end of the study at 18 months. The outcomes are documented by biomarkers or self-report and except where otherwise noted, are in reference to the last three months. The outcomes are - (1) no concurrent partnerships; (2) no sex without condoms; (3) employment (part/full-time); (4) income above 1200 ZAR/month; (5) no violent acts toward women; (6) no arrests by police; (7) engaged in a community activity; (8) CES-D score < 16 (i.e., caseness); (9) AUDIT score < 3 (i.e., problematic alcohol use); (10) no alcohol usage in last 24 hours; (11) HIV testing; (12) no marijuana (dagga) usage in the last 10 days; (13) no quaalude (mandrax) usage in the last 2-3 days; (14) no methamphetamine (tik) usage in the last 1-2 days; and, (15) PEth Alcohol Test (excessive alcohol use in prior 3 weeks, at 18 months only).

The outcomes are documented by biomarkers or self-report and except where otherwise noted, are in reference to the last three months. The outcomes are - (1) no concurrent partnerships; (2) no sex without condoms; (3) employment (part/full-time); (4) income above 1200 ZAR/month; (5) no violent acts toward women; (6) no arrests by police; (7) engaged in a community activity; (8) CES-D score < 16 (i.e., caseness); (9) AUDIT score < 3 (i.e., problematic alcohol use); (10) no alcohol usage in last 24 hours; (11) HIV testing; (12) no marijuana (dagga) usage in the last 10 days; (13) no quaalude (mandrax) usage in the last 2-3 days; (14) no methamphetamine (tik) usage in the last 1-2 days; and, (15) PEth Alcohol Test (excessive alcohol use in prior 3 weeks, at 18 months only).