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Elvitegravir is an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor which is marketed in a fixed dose combination tablet with cobicistat, tenofovir and emtricitabine (Stribild®, referred to as STB). For patients with swallowing difficulties, administration of whole tablets can be problematic and tablets are cut or crushed to ease administration. In addition if HIV patients develop opportunistic infections, patients can become severely ill and may end up on the intensive care. Patients at the intensive care might not be able to swallow medication. Therefore it is useful to know if it is possible to administer STB through a different route, like a feeding tube. If STB can be crushed or dissolved and given through a catheter it is also useful to know if it can be given with drip feed.
Currently there is no information about crushing STB tablets. "Crushing STB tablets into a liquid medium has not been studied and is not recommended" according to the SPC text. Depending on the biopharmaceutical characteristics of a drug formulation, crushing tablets can lead to altered pharmacokinetics of drugs.
It is important to know whether pharmacokinetics are influenced by crushing of tablets as low concentrations are associated with virologic failure. Therefore higher doses might be needed. In addition, higher Cmax and/or exposure can lead to toxicity. As a result therapeutic drug monitoring is advised, or crushing the drug is a contra-indication based on the available data.
It has been shown that simultaneous oral ingestion of antacids and elvitegravir gives a decrease in Cmax and AUC of elvitegravir. This interaction is not shown for co-ingestion with omeprazole. Which makes it unlikely that this interaction is caused by a pH-lowering effect influencing the absorption of elvitegravir. It is probably a local gastrointestinal complexation phenomenon, similar to what has been observed with other HIV integrase inhibitors. A possible pharmacokinetic interaction between elvitegravir and complexation formers may be expected. Especially considering the active binding sites of elvitegravir which bind magnesium metal ion cofactors. Although there is data that STB can be ingested with a protein rich drink, it is unclear if foods or liquids containing high amounts of magnesium or other cations can cause this same interaction.
Therefore this study will be conducted to investigate whether crushed and suspended STB and crushed and suspended STB with drip feed are bioe-quivalent to taking STB as a whole.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reference | Active Comparator | Stribild Standardized breakfast followed by a single dose of STB (whole tablet). |
|
| Intervention I | Experimental | Stribild, crushed Standardized breakfast followed by a single dose of crushed and suspended STB. |
|
| Intervention II | Experimental | Stribild, crushed 350 mL of drip feed (type) followed by a single dose of crushed and suspended STB. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stribild | Drug | Elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| AUC | up to 32 hours after administration |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| adverse events | adverse events will be collected up to 6 weeks in total (entire study) | up to 6 weeks in total |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRCN, Radboud University Medical Center | Nijmegen | Netherlands |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28166190 | Result | Jongbloed-de Hoon M, Colbers A, Velthoven-Graafland K, Duisenberg-van Essenberg M, Kruijssen M, Abbink E, van Crevel R, Burger D. Brief Report: Pharmacokinetics of Crushed Elvitegravir Combination Tablet Given With or Without Enteral Nutrition. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017 Apr 15;74(5):571-574. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000001296. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| paper | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003668 | Pressure Ulcer |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012883 | Skin Ulcer |
| D012871 | Skin Diseases |
| D017437 | Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000069545 | Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000069547 | Cobicistat |
| D002219 | Carbamates |
| D000144 | Acids, Acyclic |
| D002264 | Carboxylic Acids |
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| Stribild, crushed |
| Drug |
Crushed Stribild tablet |
|
| D009930 |
| Organic Chemicals |
| D000068698 | Tenofovir |
| D063065 | Organophosphonates |
| D009943 | Organophosphorus Compounds |
| D013844 | Thiazoles |
| D013457 | Sulfur Compounds |
| D001393 | Azoles |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D000068679 | Emtricitabine |
| D003841 | Deoxycytidine |
| D003562 | Cytidine |
| D011741 | Pyrimidine Nucleosides |
| D011743 | Pyrimidines |
| D000225 | Adenine |
| D011687 | Purines |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D003853 | Deoxyribonucleosides |
| D009705 | Nucleosides |
| D009706 | Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides |
| D004338 | Drug Combinations |
| D004364 | Pharmaceutical Preparations |