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It is the aim of our study to compare the effects of 6 and/or 2 years of either HIT (carried out at correctly assessed 85-95% of maximal heart rate), pyramid, or continuous endurance training, on changes of physical exercise capacity in cardiac patients.
The three exercise arms (isocaloric) are composed as follows:
Endurance training: 31 min at 65-75% HRmax, making it a total of 25min; HIT: 4x4min intervals at 85-95% HRmax divided by 3x3min of active recovery at 60-70% HRmax, making it a total of 25 min; Pyramid: One pyramid consists of 8 one-minute blocks. Those are grouped starting with one block of 70-75% HRmax, followed by one block at 75-80% HRmax and another one at 80-85% HRmax. The top of the pyramid are 2 blocks of 85-90% HRmax. Intensity is lowered afterwards with one block of 80-85% HRmax, followed by one block at 75-80% HRmax and last one at 70-75% HRmax. Two more pyramids follow, each divided by 2min of active recovery at 65-70% HRmax, making it a total of 28min.
All protocols are initiated by 5min of warm-up and end with 5min of cool-down, both at 60-70% HRmax.
Primary Outcome: Individual maximum power output in watt (Pmax). Secondary Outcome: Change of power output in watt at lactate tresholds at 2 and 4mmol/l.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous Endurance training | Active Comparator | Endurance training with constant work load 31min at 65-75% maximal heart rate (HRmax) |
|
| Pyramid Training | Experimental | One pyramid consists of 8 one-minute blocks. Those are grouped starting with one block of 70-75% HRmax, followed by one block at 75-80% HRmax and another one at 80-85% HRmax. The top of the pyramid are 2 blocks of 85-90% HRmax. Intensity is lowered afterwards with one block of 80-85% HRmax, followed by one block at 75-80% HRmax and last one at 70-75% HRmax. Two more pyramids follow, each divided by 2min of active recovery at 65-70% HRmax, making it a total of 28min. |
|
| High-intensity intervall training | Experimental | HIT: 4x4 min intervals at85-95% HRmax divided by 3x3min of active recovery at 60-70% HRmax, making it a total of 25min. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous Endurance Training | Other | Endurance training with constant work load 31min at 65-75% Hrmax |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Physical work capacity (PWC) | PWC will be measured by graded exercise testing on cycle ergometer. | 6 weeks or 36 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Heart rate | Heart rate will be measured by graded exercise testing on cycle ergometer. | 6 weeks or 36 weeks |
| Blood pressure | Blood pressure will be measured by graded exercise testing on cycle ergometer. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Prof. Josef Niebauer, M.D, PhD,MBA | Department of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation Paracelsus Medical University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation Paracelsus Medical University | Salzburg | 5020 | Austria |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33977686 | Derived | Mayr B, Muller EE, Schafer C, Droese S, Schonfelder M, Niebauer J. Exercise-induced changes in miRNA expression in coronary artery disease. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2021 May 12;59(10):1719-1727. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0164. Print 2021 Sep 27. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003324 | Coronary Artery Disease |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003327 | Coronary Disease |
| D017202 | Myocardial Ischemia |
| D006331 | Heart Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072696 | High-Intensity Interval Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
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| Pyramid Training | Other | One pyramid consists of 8 one-minute blocks. Those are grouped starting with one block of 70-75% HRmax, followed by one block at 75-80% HRmax and another one at 80-85% HRmax. The top of the pyramid are 2 blocks of 85-90% HRmax. Intensity is lowered afterwards with one block of 80-85% HRmax, followed by one block at 75-80% HRmax and last one at 70-75% HRmax. Two more pyramids follow, each divided by 2min of active recovery at 65-70% HRmax, making it a total of 28min. |
|
| High-intensity interval training | Other | HIT: 4x4 min intervals at85-95% HRmax divided by 3x3min of active recovery at 60-70% HRmax, making it a total of 25min. |
|
| 6 weeks or 36 weeks |
| Lactate Thresholds | Lactate thresholds will be measured by graded exercise testing on cycle ergometer. | 6 weeks or 36 weeks |
| Metabolical and cellular blood parameter | Blood will be taken before and after intervention | 6 weeks or 36 weeks |
| BMI | BMI will be taken before and after intervention | 6 weeks or 36 weeks |
| Gene expression | Gene expression will be taken before and after intervention | 6 weeks or 36 weeks |
| Quality of Life | Quality of Life will be taken before and after intervention | 6 weeks or 36 weeks |
| Department of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation Paracelsus Medical University | View source |
| Salzburg Regional Hospital | View source |
| D001161 |
| Arteriosclerosis |
| D001157 | Arterial Occlusive Diseases |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D009142 |
| Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |