An exacerbation of COPD, is defined as the worsening of 2 or more major symptoms (dyspnea, sputum volume, sputum purulence) or the worsening of any 1 major symptom together with any 1 of the minor symptoms (sore throat, cold, fever without other cause, increased cough and wheeze), for at least 2 consecutive days. Moderate-severe exacerbations were defined as use of antibiotics and/or oral steroids and/or hospitalization. Summary only included exacerbations for which a date of resolution or death was provided. Analysis was performed by using Bayesian inference assuming non-informative priors. The mean exacerbation rate was adjusted for treatment group, smoking status, ICS use and region. The adjusted posterior median was summarized per treatment group. The number of exacerbation events per participant was assumed to follow a negative binomial distribution. Modified Intent-to-Treat (mITT) Population comprised of all randomized par. who received at least one dose of study treatment.

mITT Population

The time to first moderate-severe COPD exacerbation in par. treated with losmapimod compared to placebo treated par. was evaluated. The time to the first on-treatment moderate-severe exacerbation was calculated as exacerbation onset date of first on-treatment exacerbation minus exposure start date plus 1. No statistical analysis was conducted. Data was summarized statistically only.

mITT Population

An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical investigation subject, temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product. Any untoward event resulting in death, life threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, results in disability/incapacity, congenital anomaly/birth defect, any other situation according to medical or scientific judgment or all events of possible drug-induced liver injury with hyperbilirubinaemia were categorized as SAE. AEs were considered as on-treatment If AE onset date is on or after treatment start date & on or before treatment stop date. par. having any AE or SAE were included in analysis.

mITT Population

Pre and post FEV1, FVC and FEV6 were performed at Screening, Day 1 pre-dose and Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 26, 39 and 52. Par. were asked to withheld all bronchodilator therapy included ipratropiumn bromide and salbutamol/albuterol for at least 4 hours prior to prebronchodilator spirometric test. Post-bronchodilator spirometric assessment was performed after inhalation of 400/360 micograms (µg) of salbutamol/albuterol in 10-15 minutes. Day 1 (pre-dose) values were considered as Baseline values. Change from Baseline was calculated as value at the indicated time point minus Baseline value. The maximum value of the 3 replicate assessments were used. Analysis performed using a mixed-effects repeated measures model. The adjusted mean values were summarized per treatment group. Par. were included in the analysis if they had at least one post-baseline measurement. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles).

mITT Population

Pre and post FEV1/FVC, PP FEV1, PP FEV6 and PP FVC were assessed at Screening, Day 1 pre-dose and Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 26, 39 and 52. Par. were asked to withheld all bronchodilator therapy included ipratropiumn bromide and salbutamol/albuterol for at least 4 hours prior to the prebronchodilator spirometric test. Post-bronchodilator spirometric assessment was performed after inhalation of 400/360 µg of salbutamol/albuterol in 10-15 minutes. Day 1 (pre-dose) values were considered as Baseline values. Change from Baseline was calculated as value at indicated time point minus Baseline value. The maximum value of the 3 replicate assessments were used. Analysis performed using a mixed-effects repeated measures model. The adjusted mean values were summarized per treatment group. Par. were included in the analysis if they had at least one post-baseline measurement. Only those participants available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles).

mITT Population.

12-lead ECGs were obtained in triplicate at Screening then singly at Baseline (day 1, pre-dose) and post dose at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 26, 39, 52 and at follow up (Week 53) using an ECG machine that automatically calculates the heart rate (HR) and measures PR, QRS, QT, and QT duration corrected for heart rate by Fridericia's formula (QTcF) or QT duration corrected for heart rate by Bazett's formula (QTcB) intervals. Change in ECG findings were categorized as normal and abnormal. Abnormal ECG values could be clinically significant (CS) or not clinically significant (NCS), as determined by the investigator. Only those par. available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles).

mITT Population

SBP and DBP were taken at Screening, Baseline (day 1, pre-dose) and post dose at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 26, 39, 52 and at follow up (Week 53). Measurements were taken in a semi-recumbent position after 5 minutes rest. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The Baseline value of an assessment is defined as the value at day 1, pre-dose. Par. were included in the analysis if they had at least one post-baseline measurement. Only those par. available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles).

mITT Population

HR was assessed at Screening, Baseline (day 1, pre-dose) and post dose at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 26, 39, 52 and at follow up (Week 53). Measurements were taken in a semi-recumbent position after 5 minutes rest. Change from Baseline was calculated as the post-Baseline value minus the Baseline value. The Baseline value of an assessment is defined as the value at day 1, pre-dose. Par. were included in the analysis if they had at least one post-baseline measurement. Only those par. available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles).

mITT Population

Pharmacokinetics (PK) of losmapimod was evaluated in participants with COPD using PK samples collected at pre-dose at Week 2 and Week 12. At Week 26, a sample was collected at pre-dose and a second sample was collected at 2 hours post-dose. Par. of mITT population that provided at least one observed concentration data in this study were considered for PK analysis. Drug plasma concentration-time data were modelled by nonlinear mixed effects modelling. AUC[0-tau] (tau=12 hours) was estimated from the model.

PK Population.

Pharmacokinetics of losmapimod was evaluated in participants with COPD using PK samples collected at pre-dose at Week 2 and Week 12. At Week 26, a sample was collected at pre-dose and a second sample was collected at 2 hours post-dose. Par. of mITT population that provided at least one observed concentration data in this study were considered for PK analysis (represented by n=X, X in the category titles). Drug plasma concentration-time data were modelled by nonlinear mixed effects modelling to develop a Population PK model. Cmax and Ctrough were estimated from the PK model.

PK Population.

Use of short acting bronchodilators (short-acting beta2-agonists or short-acting anti-cholinergic) was allowed and was recorded in daily patient diary. It included inhaled short-acting beta2-agonists (e.g. Ipratropium bromide, salbutamol, Ipratropium/salbutamol (albuterol) combination product) and short-acting anti-cholinergics (e.g., ipratropium bromide3). Use of these medications was allowed throughout the study except 4 hours prior to and during each clinic visit. Only those par. available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles).

mITT Population

SGRQ-C is a health related quality of life questionnaire consisting of 14 questions. SGRQ-C total score was calculated as 100 multiplied by summed weights from all positive items divided by sum of weights for all items in questionnaire. Components (Activity, Symptoms, Impacts) were calculated as 100 multiplied by summed weights from all positive items in that component divided by sum of weights for all items in that component. Score range for SGRQ-C total is 0-100. Maximum weights for Activity, Symptoms and Impacts component is 982.9, 566.2 and 1652.8 respectively. SGRQ-C was transformed to SGRQ for reporting. Higher scores indicate greater disease impact. Score at Day 1, pre-dose (Week 0) was considered as Baseline. Change from Baseline was calculated as score at indicated time point minus Baseline value. Only those par. with analyzable data at the given time points (represented by n=X, X in category titles) were included in analysis.

mITT Population

Various liver chemistry parameters were monitored periodically to ensure the safety and tolerability of Losmapimod as compared to placebo. Study treatments were discontinued for par. if alanine aminotransferase (ALT) absolute >= 5xupper limit of normal (ULN) or; ALT >= 3xULN persists for >=4 Weeks or; ALT>=3x ULN and bilirubin >=2xULN or; ALT>=3x ULN and International normalized ratio (INR) >=1.5 or; ALT>=3x ULN and cannot be monitored weekly for 4 Weeks or; ALT>=3x ULN symptomatic.

mITT Population

Blood samples were collected at Baseline (Day 1, pre-dose) and at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 26, 39, 52 (or at early withdrawal) and follow up (Week 53) to evaluate hemoglobin, total protein, albumin and MCHC. Values obtained at Day 1, pre-dose (Week 0) were considered as Baseline values. Change from Baseline was calculated as laboratory test value obtained at indicated time point minus Baseline value. If post-dose value was missing for a particular assessment visit, then no derivation were performed and the change from Baseline were set to missing for that visit. Only those par. available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles).

mITT Population

Blood samples were collected at Baseline (Day 1, pre-dose) and at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 26, 39, 52 (or at early withdrawal) and follow up (Week 53) to evaluate hematocrit. Values obtained at Day 1, pre-dose (Week 0) were considered as Baseline values. Change from Baseline was calculated as laboratory test value obtained at indicated time point minus Baseline value. If post-dose value was missing for a particular assessment visit, then no derivation were performed and the change from Baseline were set to missing for that visit. Only those par. available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles).

mITT Population

Blood samples were collected at Baseline (Day 1, pre-dose) and at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 26, 39, 52 (or at early withdrawal) and follow up (Week 53) to evaluate absolute WBC count, total neutrophil, total lymphocyte, basophil, absolute eosinophil, percentage eosinophil, monocyte and platelet count. Values obtained at Day 1, pre-dose (Week 0) were considered as Baseline values. Change from Baseline was calculated as laboratory test value obtained at the indicated time point minus Baseline value. If post-dose value was missing for a particular assessment visit, then no derivation were performed and the change from Baseline were set to missing for that visit. Only those par. available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles).

mITT Population

Blood samples were collected at Baseline (Day 1, pre-dose) and at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 26, 39, 52 (or at early withdrawal) and follow up (Week 53) to evaluate eosinophil percentage. Values obtained at Day 1, pre-dose (Week 0) were considered as Baseline values. Change from Baseline was calculated as laboratory test value obtained at the indicated time point minus Baseline value. If post-dose value was missing for a particular assessment visit, then no derivation were performed and the change from Baseline were set to missing for that visit. Only those par. available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles).

mITT Population

Blood samples were collected at Baseline (Day 1, pre-dose) and at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 26, 39, 52 (or at early withdrawal) and follow up (Week 53) to evaluate total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, urice acid and creatinine. Values obtained at Day 1, pre-dose (Week 0) were considered as Baseline values. Change from Baseline was calculated as laboratory test value obtained at the indicated time point minus Baseline value. If post-dose value was missing for a particular assessment visit, then no derivation were performed and the change from Baseline were set to missing for that visit. Only those par. available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles).

mITT Population

Blood samples were collected at Baseline (Day 1, pre-dose) and at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 26, 39, 52 (or at early withdrawal) and follow up (Week 53) to evaluate alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase at the indicated time point. Values obtained at Day 1, pre-dose (Week 0) were considered as Baseline values. Change from Baseline was calculated as laboratory test value obtained at the indicated time point minus Baseline value. If post-dose value was missing for a particular assessment visit, then no derivation were performed and the change from Baseline were set to missing for that visit. Only those par. available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles).

mITT Population

Blood samples were collected at Baseline (Day 1, pre-dose) and at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 26, 39, 52 (or at early withdrawal) and follow up (Week 53) to evaluate calcium, chloride, glucose, potassium, sodium and blood urea nitrogenat the indicated time point. Values obtained at Day 1, pre-dose (Week 0) were considered as Baseline values. Change from Baseline was calculated as laboratory test value obtained at the indicated time point minus Baseline value. If post-dose value was missing for a particular assessment visit, then no derivation were performed and the change from Baseline were set to missing for that visit. Only those par. available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles).

mITT Population

Blood samples were collected at Baseline (Day 1, pre-dose) and at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 26, 39, 52 (or at early withdrawal) and follow up (Week 53) to evaluate Red blood cell count. Values obtained at Day 1, pre-dose (Week 0) were considered as Baseline values. Change from Baseline was calculated as laboratory test value obtained at the indicated time point minus Baseline value. If post-dose value was missing for a particular assessment visit, then no derivation were performed and the change from Baseline were set to missing for that visit. Only those par. available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles).

mITT Population

Blood samples were collected at Baseline (Day 1, pre-dose) and at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 26, 39, 52 (or at early withdrawal) and follow up (Week 53) to evaluate mean corpuscle hemoglobin. Values obtained at Day 1, pre-dose (Week 0) were considered as Baseline values. Change from Baseline was calculated as laboratory test value obtained at the indicated time point minus Baseline value. If post-dose value was missing for a particular assessment visit, then no derivation were performed and the change from Baseline were set to missing for that visit. Only those par. available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles).

mITT Population

Blood samples were collected at Baseline (Day 1, pre-dose) and at Weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 26, 39, 52 (or at early withdrawal) and follow up (Week 53) to evaluate mean corpuscle volume. Values obtained at Day 1, pre-dose (Week 0) were considered as Baseline values. Change from Baseline was calculated as laboratory test value obtained at the indicated time point minus Baseline value. If post-dose value was missing for a particular assessment visit, then no derivation were performed and the change from Baseline were set to missing for that visit. Only those par. available at the specified time points were analyzed (represented by n=X, X in the category titles).

mITT Population