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Attentional blink refers to a phenomenon where the detection of the second of two target stimuli that are presented in Short succession within a stream of stimuli is impaired. This is explained by an insufficient availability of attentional resources. Additionally, emotionally salient stimuli, like for example pictures with a positive or negative content, are detected more often compared to neutral pictures during this attentional blink period.
Cannabinoids are involved in the modulation of cognitive, attentional, and emotional processes. Interestingly, data from animals suggests that THC and CBD, both active ingredients in the Cannabis sativa plant, have opposing effects on brain cannabinoid (CB1) receptors. CB1 receptors modulate the expression of emotionally salient conditioned association in rats, if salience processes in humans are modulated in the same way remains unclear.
Employing a task to detect salient stimuli, Bhattacharyya et al. (2012) showed that THC seems to make non-salient standard stimuli more salient. They showed decreased activation of the right caudate and increased right prefrontal cortex stimuli during processing of salient stimuli. Importantly, this was associated with decreased response times to standard relative to oddball stimuli. Generally, THC and CBD differentially modulate brain areas associated with attentional salience processing. For example THC seems to increase prefrontal and striatal activation whereas CBD seems to decrease it.
The investigators assume that THC increases the number of correctly detected emotional stimuli during the attentional blink period, whereas CBD has no effect. Additionally, the investigators assume that pictures of the positive category are detected with higher accuracy than negative ones under the influence of THC.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| tetrahydrocannabinol | Experimental | oral administration of 10mg of tetrahydrocannabinol, once |
|
| cannabidiol | Experimental | oral administration of cannabidiol, 600mg, once |
|
| placebo | Placebo Comparator | oral administration of placebo, once |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tetrahydrocannabinol | Drug |
| ||
| cannabidiol |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Correctly identified emotional pictures during the attentional blink period | Number of correctly identified emotional pictures that were presented during the attentional blink period. | immediate |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Reaction time to correctly identified emotional pictures during the attentional blink period | Reaction time (in ms) of the button press to the correctly identified emotional pictures that were presented during the attentional blink period. | immediate |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Oliver Grimm, MD | Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central Institute of Mental Health | Mannheim | 68159 | Germany |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003117 | Color Vision Defects |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014786 | Vision Disorders |
| D012678 | Sensation Disorders |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013759 | Dronabinol |
| D002185 | Cannabidiol |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002186 | Cannabinoids |
| D013729 | Terpenes |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
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|
| placebo | Other |
|
| D000077765 |
| Cone Dystrophy |
| D015785 | Eye Diseases, Hereditary |
| D005128 | Eye Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |