Glycemic and Satiety Response Study of Fibre-Enriched Pudding Products

The Pudding Study: The Effect of Effect of Fibre-enriched Pudding Products on Glycemic and Satiety Response in Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes

The purpose of this study is to determine the specific properties of a variety of dietary fibres that lead to different postprandial glycemic and satiety responses in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes. This is accomplished by utilizing a variety of dietary fibres that demonstrate a wide range of properties in a pudding product, and by examining the ability of each of these to limit gastric emptying, limit glucose absorption, limit insulin secretion, and improve satiety, versus a low fibre control product.

The purpose of this study is to determine the specific properties of a variety of dietary fibres that lead to different postprandial glycemic and satiety responses in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes. This is accomplished by utilizing a variety of dietary fibres that demonstrate a wide range of properties in a pudding product, and by examining the ability of each of these to limit gastric emptying, limit glucose absorption, limit insulin secretion, and improve satiety, versus a low fibre control product. To accomplish this, a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled, crossover study design will be used, in order to determine the different effects of a variety of fibre-enriched pudding products on markers of type 2 diabetes and satiety response, versus low-fibre control puddings.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Men/Women
• Age 18-70 years
• CANRISK Questionnaire score ≥21 (brief questionnaire that identifies risk of diabetes)
• BMI ≥25 and <40 kg/m2
• Prior use of acetaminophen

Exclusion Criteria:

• Smokers
• Food allergies or any life-threatening allergy (food or otherwise)
• Acetaminophen allergy
• Gastrointestinal conditions or illnesses (Including, but not limited to, lactose intolerance, Celiac, Crohn's, Ulcerative Colitis (UC), Irritable Bowel Disorder (IBD))
• Serious major medical condition (i.e. renal, liver)
• Pregnant or breastfeeding
• Food Neophobia Scale score between 30 and 54 (Food Neophobia Scale is a questionnaire which is intended to screen out individuals who are unsure of consuming new products)
• TFEQ-CR >16 (TFEQ is a questionnaire to screen for restrained eaters)
• Alcohol consumption>4 drinks/sitting
• Medication or natural health products (NHPs) used for diabetes (glycemic control)
• Medication or NHPs contraindicated with acetaminophen
• Recent or intended significant weight loss or gain (i.e. >4 kg in previous 3 months)