To investigate the predictive roles of adipokines and hepatokines to detect non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetes, or dyslipidmia.

To examine the association or effects of clinical and biochemical factors (lab results and medication, etc.) on serum levels of adipokines and hepatokines in certain subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetes, or dyslipidmia.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. dyslipidemia 1. serum triglyceride≥150mg/dl, or taking medication to lower triglyceride levels (e.g. fibrates, niacin, omega-3, etc.) or 2. serum LDL-C≥100mg/dl, or taking medication to lower LDL-C levels (e.g. statin, ezetimibe, etc.)
2. type 2 diabetes 1. defined according to the ADA guideline (DM definition) or 2. taking any anti-diabetic medications
3. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 1. diagnosed as having fatty liver by ultrasonogram or 2. diagnosed as having fatty liver by transient elastogram (Fibroscan) or 3. diagnosed as having fatty liver by abdomina CT scan
4. Normal control 1. should not be included in other groups as above and 2. not taking any medication related to diabetes and dyslipidemia and 3. BMI <25kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

1. subjects who refused to agree with informed consents
2. subjects with organ-transplantation
3. serum creatinine ≥1.5mg/dl
4. pregnant women
5. liver cancer or pancreatic cancer
6. subjects with chronic hepatitis B or C virus infection
7. for NAFLD group, subjects with excessive alcohol consumption (men: ≥210g of alcohol per week, women: ≥140g of alcohol per week)

Subjects are recruited from either patients who visit out-patient clinics (Diabetes center in Severance hospital) or healthy volunteers.