lack of enrollment

This is a randomized, open-label, parallel group, multicenter, outpatient study in COPD subjects who are discharged from the hospital due to a COPD exacerbation. Subjects who meet the eligibility criteria will be randomized to 1 of 2 treatments: arformoterol tartrate inhalation solution (BROVANA) 15 mcg twice daily (BID) or tiotropium bromide (SPIRIVA) 18 mcg once daily (QD), each given for 90 days.

This is a randomized, open-label, parallel group, multicenter, outpatient study in COPD subjects who are discharged from the hospital following a COPD exacerbation. Subjects who meet the eligibility criteria will be randomized to 1 of 2 treatments. Arformoterol tartrate inhalation solution 15 mcg (BROVANA) will be administered BID (morning and evening, approximately 12 hours between doses) using a standard jet nebulizer with a face mask or mouthpiece connected to an air compressor. Tiotropium 18 mcg (SPIRIVA) will be administered QD (morning) via the HandiHaler®.

Study medications will be dispensed to the subject at Visit 1. The objective of the study is to determine the comparative effectiveness of arformoterol and tiotropium on re-hospitalization and to assess safety in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) subjects recovering from hospitalization for an acute exacerbation.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male and female subjects ≥ 55 years-old are eligible for study participation if they have a physician-assessed diagnosis of COPD, have been discharged from the hospital due to a COPD exacerbation, and at least 1 of the following:

   1. Subject has had 1 or more exacerbations (excluding current exacerbation) within the previous year (exacerbation defined as: an event in the natural course of the disease characterized by a change in the patient's baseline dyspnea, cough and /or sputum beyond day to day variability sufficient to warrant a change in management of COPD (eg, treated with antibiotics and/or systemic corticosteroids or requiring an emergency room visit or an overnight stay at a hospital), OR
   2. Subject has had oxygen therapy use within 3 months prior to study entry.

2. Subject is a current or ex-smoker with at least 10 pack year smoking history (eg, at least 1 pack/day for 10 years, or equivalent).

3. Subject is willing and able to attend study visits/telephone contacts and adhere to all study assessments/procedures.

4. Subject is willing and able to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subject has current evidence or recent history of any clinically significant and unstable disease (other than COPD) or abnormality in the opinion of the Investigator that would put the subject at risk or which would compromise the quality of the study data; including but not limited to cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, cardiac failure, uncontrolled hypertension, life threatening arrhythmias, uncontrolled diabetes, neurologic or neuromuscular disease, liver disease, gastrointestinal disease or electrolyte abnormalities.
2. Subject has a primary diagnosis of asthma.
3. Subject has a history of tuberculosis, bronchiectasis or other non-specific pulmonary disease.
4. Subject has a history of urinary retention or bladder neck obstruction type symptoms.
5. Subject has a history of narrow angle glaucoma.
6. Subject has a recent history (previous 12 months) of excessive use or abuse of alcohol or narcotic/illegal drugs, as assessed by the Investigator.
7. Subject has a history of hypersensitivity or intolerance to aerosol medications, beta-2 agonists, or anticholinergics.
8. Subject is participating in another investigational drug study where drug was received within 30 days prior to Screening, or current participation in another investigational drug trial.
9. Subject is a staff member of the clinical site or a relative of a clinical site staff member.

In the event the Study is part of a multi-center study, the first publication of the results of the Study shall be made in conjunction with the results of other participating study sites as a multi-center publication; provided however, if a multi-center publication is not forthcoming with twenty-four (24) months following completion of the study at all sites, institution and investigator shall be free to publish.