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Aim of this study is to determine whether Inferior Vena Cava analyzed by trans-thoracic echocardiography is an effective method to guide titrated fluid repletion in non critical patients, in order both to decrease post procedural significant hypotension rate and to avoid unnecessary fluid overload in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for elective surgical procedures
The setting is standard spinal anesthesia and corresponds to our first arm of the study, used as the control sample and statistical reference. During the induction phase, the patient is fitted with non-invasive blood pressure monitoring, three-lead ECG, pulse-oximetry and peripheral intravenous device. Data and vital signs are recorded and an infusion of crystalloid (NaCl 0.9% or Ringer's acetate) is given during the procedure until the beginning of the operation. Total amount of fluid is also recorded before and after the spinal anesthesia.
In addition to the current clinical standard, for the second arm of the study, a trans-thoracic echocardiography is performed before spinal anesthesia, with the aim of assessing the patient's volume status; the exam is performed to assess size and collapsing of the Inferior Vena Cava during breathing cycle. According to different pre-established parameters, the patient is defined as fluid-responsive or unresponsive. If the patient is not responsive, investigators proceed to spinal anesthesia; otherwise they proceed to administration of crystalloid bolus (500 ml of NaCl 0.9% or Hartmann's solution). The patient may receive another bolus so as to reach a non-responsive pattern for echocardiographic evaluation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wild-Type | No Intervention | The setting is standard spinal anesthesia and corresponds to our first arm of the study, used as the control sample and statistical reference. During the induction phase, the patient is fitted with non-invasive blood pressure monitoring, three-lead ECG, pulse-oximetry and peripheral intravenous device. Data and vital signs are recorded and an infusion of crystalloid (NaCl 0.9% or Ringer's acetate) is given during the procedure until the beginning of the operation. Total amount of fluid is also recorded before and after the spinal anesthesia. | |
| Echocardiography | Experimental | In addition to the current clinical standard, a Trans-Thoracic Echocardiography is performed before spinal anesthesia, with the aim of assessing the patient's volume status; the exam is performed to assess size and collapsing of the Inferior Vena Cava during breathing cycle. According to different pre-established parameters13, the patient is defined as fluid-responsive or unresponsive. If the patient is not responsive, investigators proceed to spinal anesthesia; otherwise they proceed to administration of crystalloid bolus (500 ml of NaCl 0.9% or Hartmann's solution). The patient may receive another bolus so as to reach a non-responsive pattern for echocardiographic evaluation. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ultrasound-guided volemic repletion | Device | After echocardiography analysis of Inferior Vena Cava, patient is repleted with a pre-established bolus of fluid (500 ml of crystalloid). After this repletion, patient is analyzed till the exam reach signal of non-responsiveness, previously defined as a reduction of Inferior Vena Cava diameter less than 36% from baseline level during normal breath |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Rate of Arterial Hypotension | To compare rates of arterial hypotension (previously define by international standard) after spinal anesthesia in patients who have undergone volemic optimization according to Trans-thoracic Echocardiography with patients who have been treated according to the current standard on the intention to treat population. | 30 minute after spinal anesthesia |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Total Amount of IV Fluid at the End of the Procedure | To assess if there is a difference between all treatments in the total quantity of fluids amount | 30 minutes after spinal anesthesia |
| Percentage of Participants Administered Vasoactive Drug |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Samuele Ceruti, MD | Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ospedale Regionale di Bellinzona e Valli (ORBV) - Sede Bellinzona | Bellinzona | 6500 | Switzerland |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17285286 | Result | Antonelli M, Levy M, Andrews PJ, Chastre J, Hudson LD, Manthous C, Meduri GU, Moreno RP, Putensen C, Stewart T, Torres A. Hemodynamic monitoring in shock and implications for management. International Consensus Conference, Paris, France, 27-28 April 2006. Intensive Care Med. 2007 Apr;33(4):575-90. doi: 10.1007/s00134-007-0531-4. | |
| 1599111 |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Wild-Type | The setting is standard spinal anesthesia and corresponds to our first arm of the study, used as the control sample and statistical reference. During the induction phase, the patient is fitted with non-invasive blood pressure monitoring, three-lead ECG, pulse-oximetry and peripheral intravenous device. Data and vital signs are recorded and an infusion of crystalloid (NaCl 0.9% or Ringer's acetate) is given during the procedure until the beginning of the operation. Total amount of fluid is also recorded before and after the spinal anesthesia. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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Total amount of vasoactive drug administered for each group; for "vasoactive drug" we intended the use both of atropine than vascular amine
| 30 minutes after spinal anesthesia |
| Time of Procedures | Time employed to execute all procedure from the start of the study till 30 minutes after the end of the procedure | From time 0 to 30 minutes after spinal anesthesia |
| Carpenter RL, Caplan RA, Brown DL, Stephenson C, Wu R. Incidence and risk factors for side effects of spinal anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1992 Jun;76(6):906-16. doi: 10.1097/00000542-199206000-00006. |
| 24478870 | Result | Kim HJ, Kim JS. A cardiovascular collapse following vigorous cough during spinal anesthesia. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2013 Dec;65(6 Suppl):S49-50. doi: 10.4097/kjae.2013.65.6S.S49. No abstract available. |
| 20863929 | Result | Nogueira CS, Lima LC, Paris VC, Neiva PM, Otani ET, Couceiro Rde O, Burim F, Ferreira JA Jr, Cadecaro P. A comparative study between bupivacaine (S75-R25) and ropivacaine in spinal anesthesia for labor analgesia. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2010 Sep-Oct;60(5):484-94. doi: 10.1016/S0034-7094(10)70060-X. English, Portuguese. |
| 24170232 | Result | Cherpanath TG, Geerts BF, Lagrand WK, Schultz MJ, Groeneveld AB. Basic concepts of fluid responsiveness. Neth Heart J. 2013 Dec;21(12):530-6. doi: 10.1007/s12471-013-0487-7. |
| 23326767 | Result | Jabalameli M, Soltani HA, Hashemi J, Behdad S, Soleimani B. Prevention of post-spinal hypotension using crystalloid, colloid and ephedrine with three different combinations: A double blind randomized study. Adv Biomed Res. 2012;1:36. doi: 10.4103/2277-9175.100129. Epub 2012 Aug 28. |
| 22656677 | Result | Xu S, Wu H, Zhao Q, Shen X, Guo X, Wang F. The median effective volume of crystalloid in preventing hypotension in patients undergoing cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2012 May-Jun;62(3):312-24. doi: 10.1016/S0034-7094(12)70132-0. |
| 9602585 | Result | Buggy DJ, Power CK, Meeke R, O'Callaghan S, Moran C, O'Brien GT. Prevention of spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension in the elderly: i.m. methoxamine or combined hetastarch and crystalloid. Br J Anaesth. 1998 Feb;80(2):199-203. doi: 10.1093/bja/80.2.199. |
| 15375649 | Result | Vieillard-Baron A, Chergui K, Rabiller A, Peyrouset O, Page B, Beauchet A, Jardin F. Superior vena caval collapsibility as a gauge of volume status in ventilated septic patients. Intensive Care Med. 2004 Sep;30(9):1734-9. doi: 10.1007/s00134-004-2361-y. Epub 2004 Jun 26. |
| 24188480 | Result | Zollei E, Bertalan V, Nemeth A, Csabi P, Laszlo I, Kaszaki J, Rudas L. Non-invasive detection of hypovolemia or fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing subjects. BMC Anesthesiol. 2013 Nov 5;13(1):40. doi: 10.1186/1471-2253-13-40. |
| 15034650 | Result | Barbier C, Loubieres Y, Schmit C, Hayon J, Ricome JL, Jardin F, Vieillard-Baron A. Respiratory changes in inferior vena cava diameter are helpful in predicting fluid responsiveness in ventilated septic patients. Intensive Care Med. 2004 Sep;30(9):1740-6. doi: 10.1007/s00134-004-2259-8. Epub 2004 Mar 18. |
| 24495437 | Result | Zhang Z, Xu X, Ye S, Xu L. Ultrasonographic measurement of the respiratory variation in the inferior vena cava diameter is predictive of fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2014 May;40(5):845-53. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.12.010. Epub 2014 Feb 2. |
| 17508199 | Result | Lamia B, Ochagavia A, Monnet X, Chemla D, Richard C, Teboul JL. Echocardiographic prediction of volume responsiveness in critically ill patients with spontaneously breathing activity. Intensive Care Med. 2007 Jul;33(7):1125-1132. doi: 10.1007/s00134-007-0646-7. Epub 2007 May 17. |
| 23043910 | Result | Muller L, Bobbia X, Toumi M, Louart G, Molinari N, Ragonnet B, Quintard H, Leone M, Zoric L, Lefrant JY; AzuRea group. Respiratory variations of inferior vena cava diameter to predict fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients with acute circulatory failure: need for a cautious use. Crit Care. 2012 Oct 8;16(5):R188. doi: 10.1186/cc11672. |
| 17427526 | Result | Chinachoti T, Tritrakarn T. Prospective study of hypotension and bradycardia during spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine: incidence and risk factors, part two. J Med Assoc Thai. 2007 Mar;90(3):492-501. |
| 12234829 | Result | Slama M, Masson H, Teboul JL, Arnout ML, Susic D, Frohlich E, Andrejak M. Respiratory variations of aortic VTI: a new index of hypovolemia and fluid responsiveness. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002 Oct;283(4):H1729-33. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00308.2002. Epub 2002 Jun 20. |
| 29397116 | Derived | Ceruti S, Anselmi L, Minotti B, Franceschini D, Aguirre J, Borgeat A, Saporito A. Prevention of arterial hypotension after spinal anaesthesia using vena cava ultrasound to guide fluid management. Br J Anaesth. 2018 Jan;120(1):101-108. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2017.08.001. Epub 2017 Nov 23. |
| FG001 | Echocardiography | In addition to the current clinical standard, a Trans-Thoracic Echocardiography is performed before spinal anesthesia, with the aim of assessing the patient's volume status; the exam is performed to assess size and collapsing of the Inferior Vena Cava during breathing cycle. According to different pre-established parameters13, the patient is defined as fluid-responsive or unresponsive. If the patient is not responsive, investigators proceed to spinal anesthesia; otherwise they proceed to administration of crystalloid bolus (500 ml of NaCl 0.9% or Hartmann's solution). The patient may receive another bolus so as to reach a non-responsive pattern for echocardiographic evaluation. After echocardiography analysis of Inferior Vena Cava, patient is repleted with a pre-established bolus of fluid (500 ml of crystalloid). After this repletion, patient is analyzed till the exam reach signal of non-responsiveness, previously defined as a reduction of Inferior Vena Cava diameter less than 36% |
| COMPLETED |
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| NOT COMPLETED |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Wild-Type | The setting is standard spinal anesthesia and corresponds to our first arm of the study, used as the control sample and statistical reference. During the induction phase, the patient is fitted with non-invasive blood pressure monitoring, three-lead ECG, pulse-oximetry and peripheral intravenous device. Data and vital signs are recorded and an infusion of crystalloid (NaCl 0.9% or Ringer's acetate) is given during the procedure until the beginning of the operation. Total amount of fluid is also recorded before and after the spinal anesthesia. |
| BG001 | Echocardiography | In addition to the current clinical standard, a Trans-Thoracic Echocardiography is performed before spinal anesthesia, with the aim of assessing the patient's volume status; the exam is performed to assess size and collapsing of the Inferior Vena Cava during breathing cycle. According to different pre-established parameters13, the patient is defined as fluid-responsive or unresponsive. If the patient is not responsive, investigators proceed to spinal anesthesia; otherwise they proceed to administration of crystalloid bolus (500 ml of NaCl 0.9% or Hartmann's solution). The patient may receive another bolus so as to reach a non-responsive pattern for echocardiographic evaluation. After echocardiography analysis of Inferior Vena Cava, patient is repleted with a pre-established bolus of fluid (500 ml of crystalloid). |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
| |||||||||||||||
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
| ||||||||||||||||
| Weight | Mean | Standard Deviation | Kg |
| |||||||||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (SBP) pre-induction | This is the blood pressure recorder at the entrance in the operative block. The measure is the international unit of measure: mmHg | Mean | Standard Deviation | mmHg |
| ||||||||||||||
| Mean blood pressure (MBP) pre-induction | This is the mean blood pressure recorder at the entrance in the operative block. The measure is the international unit of measure: mmHg | Mean | Standard Deviation | mmHg |
| ||||||||||||||
| Heart Rate (HR) pre-induction | Mean | Standard Deviation | bpm |
| |||||||||||||||
| B-blockers therapy | Chronic assumption of B-blockers therapy prior to the procedure | Number | participants |
| |||||||||||||||
| ACE-inhibitors therapy | Chronic assumption of ACE-inhibitors therapy prior to intervention | Number | participants |
| |||||||||||||||
| Crystalloid therapy | Use of crystalloid therapy during the procedure | Number | participants |
| |||||||||||||||
| Type of crystalloid therapy | Type of crystalloid used during the procedure | Number | participants |
|
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Rate of Arterial Hypotension | To compare rates of arterial hypotension (previously define by international standard) after spinal anesthesia in patients who have undergone volemic optimization according to Trans-thoracic Echocardiography with patients who have been treated according to the current standard on the intention to treat population. | Rate of arterial hypotension after standardized spinal anesthesia | Posted | Number | percentage of participants | 30 minute after spinal anesthesia |
|
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| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary | Total Amount of IV Fluid at the End of the Procedure | To assess if there is a difference between all treatments in the total quantity of fluids amount | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | milliliters (mL) | 30 minutes after spinal anesthesia |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary | Percentage of Participants Administered Vasoactive Drug | Total amount of vasoactive drug administered for each group; for "vasoactive drug" we intended the use both of atropine than vascular amine | Posted | Number | percentage of participants | 30 minutes after spinal anesthesia |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary | Time of Procedures | Time employed to execute all procedure from the start of the study till 30 minutes after the end of the procedure | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | minutes | From time 0 to 30 minutes after spinal anesthesia |
|
Serious Adverse Events are checked till the end of the surgical procedure.
Serious Adverse Events are defined as all possible complication related to hypotension after spinal anaesthesia (neurological deficit related to hypotension, chest pain, myocardial ischemia/infarction, renal failure, cardiac arrest) is checked till the end of the surgical procedure.
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Wild-Type | The setting is standard spinal anesthesia and corresponds to our first arm of the study, used as the control sample and statistical reference. During the induction phase, the patient is fitted with non-invasive blood pressure monitoring, three-lead ECG, pulse-oximetry and peripheral intravenous device. Data and vital signs are recorded and an infusion of crystalloid (NaCl 0.9% or Ringer's acetate) is given during the procedure until the beginning of the operation. Total amount of fluid is also recorded before and after the spinal anesthesia. | 0 | 80 | 0 | 80 | ||
| EG001 | Echocardiography | In addition to the current clinical standard, a Trans-Thoracic Echocardiography is performed before spinal anesthesia, with the aim of assessing the patient's volume status; the exam is performed to assess size and collapsing of the Inferior Vena Cava during breathing cycle. According to different pre-established parameters13, the patient is defined as fluid-responsive or unresponsive. If the patient is not responsive, investigators proceed to spinal anesthesia; otherwise they proceed to administration of crystalloid bolus (500 ml of NaCl 0.9% or Hartmann's solution). The patient may receive another bolus so as to reach a non-responsive pattern for echocardiographic evaluation. Ultrasound-guided volemic repletion: After echocardiography analysis of Inferior Vena Cava, patient is repleted with a pre-established bolus of fluid (500 ml of crystalloid). | 0 | 80 | 0 | 80 |
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It cannot be performed blindly. Ultrasound is an operator-dependent technique.
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. med. Andrea Saporito, Vice-Director of Anaesthesiology | Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale | 091/811.89.78 | andrea.saporito@eoc.ch |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004487 | Edema |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| Male |
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| No therapy |
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| No therapy |
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| NaCl 0.9% |
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