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The investigators will be looking at MAO-A density before and after seven weeks of treatment with an antidepressant and dietary supplement. MAO-A is an enzyme that breaks down brain chemicals that regulate mood. MAO-A density is elevated in patients with major depressive episodes (MDE) secondary to major depressive disorder (MDD). Many remain treatment resistant with common antidepressant treatments and we think it may be due to poor targeting of brain pathologies. We want to test if adding a dietary supplement may normalize MAO-A.
All subjects are getting the combined treatment of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and the dietary supplement. There are two possible selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatments but the dietary supplement remains the same. No subjects are receiving the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor alone and no subjects are receiving the dietary supplement alone. The dietary supplement is called n-acetylcysteine.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sertraline and n-acetylcysteine | Experimental | Sertraline and n-acetylcysteine for seven weeks of treatment |
|
| Citalopram and n-acetylcysteine | Experimental | Citalopram and n-acetylcysteine for seven weeks of treatment |
|
| Existing medication treatment & NAC | Experimental | Existing depression medication treatment and n-acetylcysteine for seven weeks of treatment |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sertraline | Drug | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| MAO-A distribution volume with positron emission tomography | Treatment take 1 week for titration and 6 weeks at full dose=7weeks average | before and after treatment, 7 weeks on average between measures |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Score | Treatment takes 1 week for titration and 6 weeks at full dose=7 weeks average | before and after treatment, 7 weeks on average between measures |
| Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (n-acetylaspartate and glutathione levels) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jeffrey H Meyer, MD, PhD | Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; University of Toronto | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health | Toronto | Ontario | M5T 1R8 | Canada |
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| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) is the leading mental health and addictions research facility in Canada, and one of the largest in the world. | View source |
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| Citalopram | Drug | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
|
|
| N-acetylcysteine (NAC) | Drug | natural health product |
|
| Existing depression medication treatment | Drug | Continuation of depression medication treatment already taken prior to study enrollment except for drugs with affinity for MAO-A or potentially influencing MAO-A levels, including phenelzine, tranylcypromine, moclobemide, cytomel and lithium |
|
Treatment takes 1 week for titration and 6 weeks at full dose=7 weeks average |
| before and after treatment, 7 weeks on average between measures |
| Blood markers of monoamine oxidase-A fragment level and glutathione level | Treatment takes 1 week for titration and 6 weeks at full dose=7 weeks average | before and after treatment, 7 weeks on average between measures |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003865 | Depressive Disorder, Major |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003866 | Depressive Disorder |
| D019964 | Mood Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020280 | Sertraline |
| D015283 | Citalopram |
| D000111 | Acetylcysteine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015057 | 1-Naphthylamine |
| D000588 | Amines |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D009281 | Naphthalenes |
| D011084 | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
| D006841 | Hydrocarbons, Aromatic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |
| D011437 | Propylamines |
| D009570 | Nitriles |
| D001572 | Benzofurans |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D003545 | Cysteine |
| D000603 | Amino Acids, Sulfur |
| D013457 | Sulfur Compounds |
| D000596 | Amino Acids |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
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