Exercise in the Fasted State, Glucose Metabolism and Energy Balance

The ability to control our blood glucose (sugar) concentrations after a meal is a strong predictor of the risk of disease. Our bodies respond to glucose ingestion by reducing the amount of glucose from the liver entering the bloodstream. At the same time muscle increases the amount of glucose it take up from the bloodstream. This ensures that our blood glucose levels do not get too high. The investigators want to understand what happens to these processes following exercise after breakfast and after an overnight fast. In addition, the investigators also want to understand whether exercising with or without breakfast influences our appetite, food intake and activity levels later in the day.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Males.
• Aged 18-49.
• Individuals free from known cardiovascular, metabolic or joint disease as determined by standard health questionnaire.
• Habitual regularly participating in exercise (minimum of 3 sessions per week on average)
• Non-smoker

Exclusion Criteria:

• Known or suspected food intolerances, allergies or hypersensitivity.
• Any bleeding disorder or taking medication which impacts blood coagulation.
• Known tendency towards keloid scarring.
• Known sensitivity or allergy to any local anaesthetic medicines.
• Any reported use of substances which may pose undue personal risk to participants or introduce bias into the experiment.
• Any other condition or behaviour deemed either to pose undue personal risk to participants or introduce bias into the experiment.