Compare operative times and complications of sacral colpopexy and paravaginal repair between two-dimensional and three-dimensional laparoscopic systems.

The purpose of this study is to compare operative times of laparoscopic sacral colpopexy (LSC) for the treatment of symptomatic vaginal vault prolapse as well as paravaginal repair (PVR) for symptomatic cystocele between two-dimensional and three-dimensional laparoscopic systems. Additionally this study will evaluate postoperative complications from surgeries performed using two-dimensional versus three-dimensional laparoscopic systems.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Symptomatic vaginal vault prolapse (stage 2 or greater point C-1 pelvic organ prolapse quantification [POP-Q] or grade 2 or greater Baden-Walker half way system) undergoing laparoscopic sacral colpopexy

And/Or

• Symptomatic cystocele (stage 2 or greater, point Aa or Ba > -1 POP-Q or grade 2 or greater Baden-Walker half way system) undergoing laparoscopic paravaginal repair

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age less than 18 years
• Inability to comprehend questionnaires
• Inability to give informed consent or to return for review
• Vaginal vault prolapse < stage 2
• Unable to undergo general anesthesia
• More than 5 previous laparotomies
• Prior sacral colpopexy or vaginal mesh prolapse procedure
• Prior surgery involving the retropubic space
• Vaginal length less than 6 cm