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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Karolinska Institutet | OTHER |
| Linkoeping University | OTHER_GOV |
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BACKGROUND: About 2.3 % of the adult population in Sweden is considered to be problem gamblers, and it is estimated that only 5 % of them seek treatment. Problem gambling can have devastating effects on the economy, health and relationship, both for the problem gambler and their concerned significant other (CSO). No empirically supported program exists for the CSOs of problem gamblers. Consequently, the aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a program aimed at CSOs of treatment refusing problem gamblers. The program will be based on principles from cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing. In order to benefit as many CSOs as possible, the program will be delivered via the Internet with therapist support via email and telephone.
METHODS/DESIGN: This will be a randomized wait-list controlled internet-delivered trial. A cognitive behavioral-therapy program for the concerned significant others (CSOs) of problem gamblers (PGs) will be developed and evaluated. The participants will work through 8 modules over 10 weeks in a secure online environment, and receive support via text messages and over telephone. 150 CSOs over 18 years of age will be included. Measures will be taken at baseline 3, 6 and 12 months. Primary outcomes concern gambling-related harm and motivating the PG to seek treatment. Secondary outcomes are CSO's feelings of depression, anxiety, relationship satisfaction and quality of life.
HYPOTHESIS: The investigators hypothesize: 1) that the CBT-CSO group will lead to a reduction in gambling related harm experienced by the CSO, 2) the CBT-CSO program will reduce the CSO's anxiety and depressive feelings, 3) the CBT-CSO program will decrease the amount of time and money the problem gambler spend on gambling, 4) the CBT-CSO program will increase the CSO's relationship satisfaction with the problem gambler.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| CBT-CSO | Experimental | The CBT-CSO program will be based on concepts from cognitive-behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing, and is specifically developed for use with CSOs of treatment refusing problem gamblers. The program resembles the community reinforcement and family training approach that has been successfully used with CSOs of substance abusers. The program will be given as guided self-help with guidance given via email and telephone. There are 8 modules, which all contain homework exercises and about 5-10 pages of text. |
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| Wait-list | No Intervention | The participants allocated to the control condition will be put on a waiting list and offered the CBT-CSO program after 10 weeks. The CSOs will receive information about available treatment options-in their area and web-based-for the problem gambler. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBT-CSO | Behavioral | Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for CSO's of treatment refusing problem gamblers |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Inventory of Consequences Scale for the Gambler and CSO | Change from baseline at: [1] end of treatment period; follow-ups at [2] month 6 and [3] month 12 after the treatment period. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) | Change from baseline at: [1] end of treatment period; follow-ups at [2] month 6 and [3] month 12 after the treatment period. | |
| The Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) | Change from baseline at: [1] end of treatment period; follow-ups at [2] month 6 and [3] month 12 after the treatment period. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stockholm University | Stockholm | Sweden |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26656017 | Background | Magnusson K, Nilsson A, Hellner Gumpert C, Andersson G, Carlbring P. Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for concerned significant others of people with problem gambling: study protocol for a randomised wait-list controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2015 Dec 9;5(12):e008724. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008724. | |
| 31403816 | Result |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Public website to convey study information and recruitment | View source |
| ID | Type | URL | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| awtg7 | Individual Participant Data Set | View IPD |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005715 | Gambling |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012309 | Risk-Taking |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D007174 | Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| Relationship Assessment Scale (generic version) | Change from baseline at: [1] end of treatment period; follow-ups at [2] month 6 and [3] month 12 after the treatment period. |
| WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire-Bref | Change from baseline at: [1] end of treatment period; follow-ups at [2] month 6 and [3] month 12 after the treatment period. |
| Timeline followback method | CSOs will be asked to report the amount of money spent on gambling by the identified problem gambler. | Change from baseline at: [1] end of treatment period; follow-ups at [2] month 6 and [3] month 12 after the treatment period. |
| Treatment engagement | CSO will be asked to report if and when the identified problem gambler enter treatment. "Entering treatment" is defined as attending at least 1 session or calling the National Gambling Helpline | Change from baseline at: [1] end of treatment period; follow-ups at [2] month 6 and [3] month 12 after the treatment period. |
| Magnusson K, Nilsson A, Andersson G, Hellner C, Carlbring P. Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for significant others of treatment-refusing problem gamblers: A randomized wait-list controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2019 Sep;87(9):802-814. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000425. |
The trial's outcome data and scripts are available for download: https://osf.io/awtg7/ |