The purpose of this study is to establish to what extent innovations in food production techniques may facilitate retention of bioactive compounds in healthy individuals.

The study has a single-blinded (outcome assessor), cross-over design; wherein, the plasma concentration and urinary excretion levels of a range of bioactive compounds will be assessed over a 24 hour period following intake of either a vegetable based convenience food, or a minimally processed meal containing the same vegetable materials.

To do this, 20 healthy volunteers will attend two assessment days (and a follow-up assessment at +24hr) and will provide blood and urine samples, which will be collected at biologically relevant times over the 24 hour period. In this cross-over study, each meal will be eaten on separate days, with a wash-out period of at least 1 week between assessments.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Men and women
• ≥ 18 years old
• Successful biochemical, haematological and urinalysis assessment at screening

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current smokers, or ex-smokers ceasing < 3 months ago
• Pregnant women, or those currently breast feeding
• Subjects with existing or significant past medical history of medical conditions likely to affect the study measures i.e. diabetes, hepatic, renal, digestive or cancer (excluding Basal-cell carcinoma) - to be judged by the study clinical advisor.
• Those unprepared to adhere to dietary restrictions for 3d preceding and during each assessment day.
• Parallel participation in another research project involving dietary intervention and/or sampling of biological fluids/material.
• Those on therapeutic diets or having experienced substantial weight loss (to be judged by clinical advisor) within 3 month of screening
• Taking dietary supplements containing flavonoids, isothiocyanates or carotenes (including multivitamins) (and unwilling to cease intake during, and 1 month preceding the trial) or unwilling to maintain existing intake of other supplements.
• Prescribed medications likely to affect ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion); medications to be assessed for suitability by the clinical advisor.
• Clinical advisor judged: abnormal biochemical, haematological or urinary results or measurements considered to be counter indicative for the study: including kidney and liver function, fasting glucose (especially if indicative of diabetes), lipid abnormalities, full blood count.