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LMA(Laryngel Mask Airway) is useful for pediatrics surgery, and there are various methods of LMA insertion. When the investigators evaluate the LMA position, the investigators can use fiberoptic bronchoscope (Grade 1 to 4). For pediatric patients, clinical signs(airway pressure<20cmH2O, expiratory CO2 level)are seen normal but the grade is 3 or 4. And this will bring high risk of aspiration. Recent studies reported the LMA position after general anesthesia induction not after operation. Therefore, the investigators will observe the LMA position three times; after general anesthesia induction, after caudal block, and after operation as well as the difference regarding to spontaneous and controlled ventilation.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| spontaneous group | maintain spontaneous breathing during the operation, and recording tidal volume, ET CO2, respiratory rate, peak airway pressure, SpO2 | ||
| controlled group | controlled ventilation(tidal volume 8ml/kg, ET CO2 35~40mmHg) during the operation, recording peak airway pressure, SpO2 |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| sucess rate of LMA insertion | 1 hour |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| FOB(fiberoptic bronchoscope) grading of LMA position | Grade 1: only the larynx visible, Grade 2: larynz and epiglottis visible, Grade 3: epiglottis was impinging on the LMA grille, Grade 4: epiglottis was downfolded and the larynx could not be seen) | 1 hour |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Pediatric patients who are planed to get urologic surgery under general anesthesia using LMA
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severance Hospital | Seoul | 120-752 | South Korea |
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