Change in Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) at the lower leg. Transepidermal water loss was measured with the Tewameter TM 300 (Courage + Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). The probe captures the constant permeation of water through the stratum corneum in gram per hour per m2. The measuring probe contains a pair of sensors that are located in different distances to the skin surface to determine temperature and relative humidity above the skin surface. The humidity gradient between both sensors is used for calculating the transepidermal water loss. Higher values indicate a higher transepidermal water loss.

Changes in Skin surface pH at the lower leg. Skin surface pH was measured with the Skin-pH-Meter PH 905 (Courage + Khazaka, Cologne, Germany), a planar glass electrode. The pH is a measure of acidity and alkalinity of a solution and it indicates the concentration of the hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution. Reference values of human skin have been reported to range from 4 to 6.

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Clinical assessment of the presence of a pressure ulcer.

Clinical assessment of the presence of incontinence associated dermatitis according to the IAD-IT classification

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Self-completion of the WHO-Five Well-being Index. Well-being was assessed with the WHO-Five Well-being Index. The German version of the questionnaire published by the World Health Organization in 1998 was used. Scores range from '5' (all the time) to '0' (never) for in total five items. Simple questions were asked regarding well-being in the last two weeks, e.g. 'In the last two weeks … I was happy' or '…I was relaxed'. The sum scores range from 0, indicating the lowest well-being, to 25, indicating the highest well-being. A cut-off score of < 13 is recommended. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was recently supported.

Clinical assessment of the presence of pressure ulcer.

Clinical assessment of the presence of a pressure ulcer.

Clinical assessment of the presence of skin tears according to the STAR Classification

Clinical assessment aof the presence of skin tears according to the STAR Classification

Clinical assessment aof the presence of skin tears according to the STAR Classification

Clinical assessment of the presence and/or severity of incontinence associated dermatitis according to the IAD-IT classification

Clinical assessment of the presence and/or severity of incontinence associated dermatitis according to the IAD-IT classification

Self-completion of the WHO-Five Well-being Index. Well-being was assessed with the WHO-Five Well-being Index. The German version of the questionnaire published by the World Health Organization in 1998 was used. Scores range from '5' (all the time) to '0' (never) for in total five items. Simple questions were asked regarding well-being in the last two weeks, e.g. 'In the last two weeks … I was happy' or '…I was relaxed'. The sum scores range from 0, indicating the lowest well-being, to 25, indicating the highest well-being. A cut-off score of < 13 is recommended. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was recently supported.

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Question 4: 1=Never affects sleep;2=Occasionally delays falling asleep;3=Frequently delays falling asleep;4=Delays falling asleep and occasionally wakes me up;5=Delays falling asleep and frequently wakes me up at night.

Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Question 4: 1=Never affects sleep;2=Occasionally delays falling asleep;3=Frequently delays falling asleep;4=Delays falling asleep and occasionally wakes me up;5=Delays falling asleep and frequently wakes me up at night.

Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Usual skin care routine of the nursing home resident

Total of all reporting groups

Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.

Excipial Kids Body Wash, once daily for 8 weeks and Excipial U Lipolotio (4% urea), twice daily for 8 weeks

Excipial

Usual skin care routine of the nursing home resident

Change in Stratum corneum hydration (SCH) at the lower leg. Instrumental skin measurements were conducted to characterize possible effects of the interventions in terms of skin function. The stratum corneum hydration was measured using the Corneometer CM 825 (Courage + Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). This measurement is based on the differences of the dielectric constant of water and other substances. With this device, only the moisture content in the stratum corneum is measured. The arbitrary units (a.u.) range from 0 to 120 where as higher readings indicate higher stratum corneum hydration.Values > 40 a.u. are often considered 'normal', whereas values < 40 a.u. are regarded as typical for dry Skin.

At Day 56 +/- 3 data of four participants to calculate the change from Baseline to Day 56 +/-3 were missing. In Group I (Cetaphil) 39/40 participants were analyzed. In Group II (Excipial) 40/41 participants were analyzed. In Group III (Standard Skin care) 34/36 participants were analyzed.

Change in Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) at the lower leg. Transepidermal water loss was measured with the Tewameter TM 300 (Courage + Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). The probe captures the constant permeation of water through the stratum corneum in gram per hour per m2. The measuring probe contains a pair of sensors that are located in different distances to the skin surface to determine temperature and relative humidity above the skin surface. The humidity gradient between both sensors is used for calculating the transepidermal water loss. Higher values indicate a higher transepidermal water loss.

At Day 56 +/- 3 data of twelve participants to calculate the change from Baseline to Day 56 +/-3 were missing. In Group I (Cetaphil) 36/40 participants were analyzed. In Group II (Excipial) 38/41 participants were analyzed. In Group III (Standard Skin care) 31/36 participants were analyzed.

Changes in Skin surface pH at the lower leg. Skin surface pH was measured with the Skin-pH-Meter PH 905 (Courage + Khazaka, Cologne, Germany), a planar glass electrode. The pH is a measure of acidity and alkalinity of a solution and it indicates the concentration of the hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution. Reference values of human skin have been reported to range from 4 to 6.

At Day 56 +/- 3 data of six participants to calculate the change from Baseline to Day 56 +/-3 were missing. In Group I (Cetaphil) 39/40 participants were analyzed. In Group II (Excipial) 40/41 participants were analyzed. In Group III (Standard Skin care) 32/36 participants were analyzed.

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Only participants not being cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires (in total n = 32/133 at baseline).

Clinical assessment of the presence of a pressure ulcer.

Clinical assessment of the presence of incontinence associated dermatitis according to the IAD-IT classification

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Only participants not being cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires (in total n = 32/133 at baseline).

Self-completion of the WHO-Five Well-being Index. Well-being was assessed with the WHO-Five Well-being Index. The German version of the questionnaire published by the World Health Organization in 1998 was used. Scores range from '5' (all the time) to '0' (never) for in total five items. Simple questions were asked regarding well-being in the last two weeks, e.g. 'In the last two weeks … I was happy' or '…I was relaxed'. The sum scores range from 0, indicating the lowest well-being, to 25, indicating the highest well-being. A cut-off score of < 13 is recommended. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was recently supported.

Only residents being cognitively not impaired were able to answer the questionnaires (At baseline n = 32/133)

Clinical assessment of the presence of pressure ulcer.

After 4 weeks of the study, in total n= 13 participants were loss to follow up.

Clinical assessment of the presence of a pressure ulcer.

At the end of the study, in total n = 16 participants were loss to follow up.

Clinical assessment of the presence of skin tears according to the STAR Classification

Clinical assessment aof the presence of skin tears according to the STAR Classification

In total n = 13 participants were loss to follow up after 4 weeks.

Clinical assessment aof the presence of skin tears according to the STAR Classification

In total n = 16 participants were loss to follow up after eight weeks (end of the study).

Clinical assessment of the presence and/or severity of incontinence associated dermatitis according to the IAD-IT classification

In total n = 13 participants were loss to follow up after 4 weeks.

Clinical assessment of the presence and/or severity of incontinence associated dermatitis according to the IAD-IT classification

In total n = 16 participants were loss to follow up after eight weeks (end of the study).

Self-completion of the WHO-Five Well-being Index. Well-being was assessed with the WHO-Five Well-being Index. The German version of the questionnaire published by the World Health Organization in 1998 was used. Scores range from '5' (all the time) to '0' (never) for in total five items. Simple questions were asked regarding well-being in the last two weeks, e.g. 'In the last two weeks … I was happy' or '…I was relaxed'. The sum scores range from 0, indicating the lowest well-being, to 25, indicating the highest well-being. A cut-off score of < 13 is recommended. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was recently supported.

Only residents being cognitively not impaired were able to answer the questionnaires (in total n = 28/117 at the end of the study).

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Only residents being not cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires (in total n = 32/133).

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Only residents being not cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires (in total n = 32/133 at baseline).

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Only residents being not cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires (in total 32/133 at baseline).

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Only residents not being cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires (in total n = 32/133 at baseline)

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Only residents not being cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires. Due to loss to follow up only n = 28/117 participants were able to answer at the end of the study.

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Only residents not being cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires. Due to loss to follow up only n = 28/117 participants were able to answer at the end of the study.

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Only residents not being cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires. Due to loss to follow up only n = 28/117 participants were able to answer at the end of the study.

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Only residents not being cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires. Due to loss to follow up only n = 28/117 participants were able to answer at the end of the study.

Self-completion of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).Sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Richard Campbell Sleep Quality Assessment. Five questions were asked regarding the sleep quality for the last night via 0-100mm visual analogue scales. The interrater reliability and the most usefulness was recently supported.

Only residents not being cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires. Due to loss to follow up only n = 28/117 participants were able to answer at the end of the study.

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Only participants not being cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires (in total n = 32/133 at baseline).

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Only participants not being cognitively impaired were able to answer the quastionnaires (in total n = 32/133 at baseline). One value in the Excipial Group is missing for this question.

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Question 4: 1=Never affects sleep;2=Occasionally delays falling asleep;3=Frequently delays falling asleep;4=Delays falling asleep and occasionally wakes me up;5=Delays falling asleep and frequently wakes me up at night.

Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Only participants not being cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires (in total n = 32/133 at baseline).

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Only participants not being cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires (in total n = 32/133 at baseline). One value in the Cetaphil Group is missing for this question.

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Only participants not being cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires. Due to a number of loss to follow up at the end of the study, n = 28/117 answer these question. In the Excipial Group one value is missing for that question.

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Only participants not being cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires. Due to a number of loss to follow up at the end of the study, n = 28/117 answer these question.

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Only participants not being cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires. Due to a number of loss to follow up at the end of the study, n = 28/117 answer these question.

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Question 4: 1=Never affects sleep;2=Occasionally delays falling asleep;3=Frequently delays falling asleep;4=Delays falling asleep and occasionally wakes me up;5=Delays falling asleep and frequently wakes me up at night.

Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Only participants not being cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires. Due to a number of loss to follow up at the end of the study, n = 28/117 answer these question.

Self-completion of the 5-D itch scale. Having a 6-CIT score of 7 or lower was the criterion to administer the 5-D itch scale.The score of the 5-D Itch scale ranges from '5' (no pruritus) to '25' (most severe pruritus) and contains five items measuring pruritus over the past two weeks.

A possible cognitive impairment was tested using the Six Item Cognitive Impairment Test on Day 0. It includes six simple questions, for example 'What year is it?' or 'Count backwards from 20 to 10. Scores may range from 0 (= no sign of cognitive impairment) to a maximum score of 28 (= significant cognitive impairment). Residents with sum scores > 8 were classified as 'cognitively impaired'.

Only participants not being cognitively impaired were able to answer the questionnaires. Due to a number of loss to follow up at the end of the study, n = 28/117 answer these question. In the Cetaphil Group one value is missing for that question.

Excipial Kids Body Wash, once daily for 8 weeks and Excipial U Lipolotio (4% urea), twice daily for 8 weeks

Excipial

Usual skin care routine of the nursing home resident

Intensity was moderate, Dose was reduced, facial application was stopped

Intensity was severe, Products were withdrawn

Intensity was mild, products were withdrawn