The objective was to determine the effects of BIRB 796 BS on CRP and clinical parameters in Rheumatoid Arthritis as measures of efficacy, and on population pharmacokinetics and safety parameters

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male or female from 18 to 75 years of age
• Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) established according to ACR criteria and date of diagnosis >1 year to ≤ 15 years. The exclusion of patients with a disease duration > 15 years was deleted in Amendment 2, effective January 22, 2002
• Patient belonging to functional class I, II, or III
• Failure of at least one Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (DMARD) due to inefficacy
• Active disease, documented at visit 3, defined by ≥10 swollen joints in a 66 joint count and ≥ 12 tender joints in a 68 joint count
• CRP ≥ 2.0 mg/dl at visit 1 or visit 2
• Written informed consent in accordance with Good Clinical Practice and local legislation given prior to any study procedures, including washout of prohibited medications

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy (to be excluded by serum and urine β Human Chorion-Gonadotropin-test in women of childbearing potential) or breast feeding

• Female of childbearing potential (not 6 months post-menopausal or surgically sterilized) not using an approved form of birth control (hormonal contraceptives, oral or injectable/implantable, intra-uterine device (IUD))

• Inflammatory rheumatic disease other than RA

• Active vasculitis or any history of vasculitis (characterised by e.g. nail bed hemorrhages or infarcts, vasculitic purpura, ulcers or gangrenes, multisensory neuropathy, vasculitic retinopathy or scleritis of eyes). Isolated rheumatoid nodules of the skin are not a criterion for exclusion

• Treatment failure to a TNF-blocking agent. Treatment failure is defined as not achieving at least an ACR 20 response (e.g. in a clinical trial) or - in clinical practice - having the TNF-blocking agent discontinued due to ineffectiveness

• DMARD treatment within 4 weeks before visit 3

• Last dose given within the specified time period before visit 3 for one of the following compounds or drugs:

  • Infliximab (Remicade®): 3 months
  • D2E7 (a human TNF-α antibody): 3 months
  • Leflunomide (Arava®): 1 year, with exception of patients having undergone elimination therapy (colestyramin 8 grams t.i.d. po for eleven consecutive days), this exclusion criterion was deleted in Amendment 1, effective September 3, 2001
  • Drug classified as proton pump inhibitor: 7 days
  • Drug classified as H2-receptor-blocker or antacid: 2 days
  • Investigational agent: 5-fold of the respective plasma half life or 4 weeks, whichever is longer

• Treatment with systemic corticosteroids in a dose higher than 10 mg/day prednisone equivalent within 4 weeks prior to visit 3

• Change in treatment with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or systemic corticosteroids within 4 weeks prior to visit 3

• Synovectomy, joint surgery, radio-/chemo synoviorthesis or steroid injections (intraarticular, intravenous or intramuscular) within 4 weeks before visit 3

• Active infection or serious infectious diseases resulting in hospitalisation or requiring systemic anti-infective therapy within 4 weeks before visit 3

• Serologic evidence of active hepatitis B and/or C

• Known HIV-infection

• History of prior tuberculosis infection or suspicion of active infection at screening based on chest x-ray done within 6 month before visit 1

• History of cardiovascular, renal, neurologic, psychiatric, liver, gastrointestinal, immunologic or endocrine dysfunction if they are clinically significant. A clinically significant disease is defined as one which in the opinion of the investigator may either put the patient at risk because of participation in the study or a disease which may influence the results of the study or the patient's ability to participate in the study

• Recent history of heart failure, defined according to New York Heart Association criteria as being stage III or IV (i.e. three years or less) or myocardial infarction (i.e. one year or less) or patients with any cardiac arrhythmia requiring drug therapy. This exclusion criterion was slightly modified in Amendment 2, effective January 22, 2002.

• ECG results outside of the reference range of clinical relevance including, but not limited to QTcB > 480 msec, PR interval > 240 msec, QRS interval > 110 msec

• History of malignant disease in the last 5 years or suspicion of active malignant disease except successfully treated squamous or basal cell carcinoma of the skin

• Clinically significant abnormal baseline hematology, blood chemistry or urinalysis if the abnormality defines a disease listed as an exclusion criterion

• Any of the following specific laboratory abnormalities:

  • Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, or total bilirubin greater than upper limit of normal (ULN) at visit 1 or measured within the last six months before visit 3. This exclusion criterion was modified in Amendment 1, effective September 3, 2001, allowing for a retest at Visit 2.
  • Gamma-Glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase or Lactate Dehydrogenase greater than 1.5 x ULN at visit 1
  • creatinine or white blood cell count greater than 1.5 x ULN at visit 1

• History of drug or alcohol abuse within the past two years or active drug or alcohol abuse, present alcohol intake more than three drinks per day

• Inability to comply with the protocol

• Participation in another clinical trial within 30 days before visit 3

• Previous enrolment in this trial

• Hypersensitivity to trial drug