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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of California, Irvine | OTHER |
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The Baby Books Project tests whether embedding educational information into baby books can improve the health and wellbeing of first-time mothers and their young children.
This study tests the efficacy of embedding educational information (i.e., pediatric anticipatory guidance) into baby books that first-time mothers read to their infants. This 3-group longitudinal study recruited first-time mothers in their third trimester of pregnancy, randomly assigned them to conditions, and followed them until the child was 18 months of age. One group received educational baby books, another group was given the same illustrated books with non-educational text, and the third group was not given any books. Thus, the effects of educational reading could be parsed from the effects of reading alone. The study aimed to test whether embedding pediatric anticipatory guidance in picture books is an effective method for increasing maternal knowledge of child development, parenting strategies, and safety practices, improving parenting beliefs and attitudes (e.g., parenting efficacy, importance of reading, use of corporal punishment), supporting optimal parenting practices (e.g., breastfeeding and nutrition, responsiveness, safety practices), improving maternal health (stress, depression), and supporting children's healthier development (injuries, illness, immunizations, and linguistic, social, and cognitive development).
Survey and observational data collection occurred in participants' homes during their third trimester of pregnancy and when their child was 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months of age. Twelve phone call interviews were conducted between these home visits. When children were 18 months, a retrospective medical chart audit was conducted.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| educational baby books | Experimental | books embedded with educational information (pediatric anticipatory guidance) |
|
| non-educational baby books | Active Comparator | baby books given with same illustrations but no educational information |
|
| no books | No Intervention | not given any baby books |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Educational Content/Pediatric Anticipatory Guidance | Behavioral | educational information from Bright Futures Guidelines for Health Supervision for birth to 18 months |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in knowledge of child development and parenting | Measured with Opinions about Babies questionnaire | Change from Baseline (pregnancy) to 18 months postpartum |
| Change in Reading Practices | Self-reported joint reading practices | Change from 2 to 18 months postpartum |
| Parenting Stress | Measured with the Parenting Stress Index | Change from 2 to 18 months post-partum |
| Costs | Maternal costs due to their own and their child's illness/injury, use of substances, and purchase of food was measured with the Incurred Cost Questionnaire. | Cumulative costs over study duration |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Safety Practices | Measured with the Home Safety Assessment, an observational and self-report measure of safety practices in the home, car, and outside | 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months postpartum |
| Attitudes about Corporal punishment |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Community Conditions | measured with the observational Community Conditions Checklist and self-report Community Conditions Interview | 4 months postpartum and following a move to a new residence |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Stephanie M Reich, PhD | University of California, Irvine | Study Director |
| Leonard Bickman, PhD | Vanderbilt University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of California, Irvine | Irvine | California | 92697 | United States | ||
| Vanderbilt University |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24062596 | Background | Khalessi A, Reich SM. A Month of Breastfeeding Associated with Greater Adherence to Pediatric Nutrition Guidelines. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2013 Jul 1;31(3):299-308. doi: 10.1080/02646838.2013.784898. | |
| 22391417 | Result | Reich SM, Penner EK, Duncan GJ, Auger A. Using baby books to change new mothers' attitudes about corporal punishment. Child Abuse Negl. 2012 Feb;36(2):108-17. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.09.017. Epub 2012 Mar 3. |
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| Book provision | Behavioral | Given free books prenatally and at 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months postpartum |
|
Adolescent-Adult Parenting Inventory
| 2, 6, 12 and 18 months postpartum |
| Maternal Depressive Symptoms | Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. | Change from baseline (pregnancy) to 18 months postpartum |
| Beliefs about the Importance of Reading to Children | Maternal beliefs about the importance of reading was measured with the Modified Parent Reading Belief Inventory | Change from baseline (prenatal) to 18 months postpartum |
| Injuries and illnesses | Child illnesses injuries were measured with the Incurred Cost Questionnaire and through a retrospective medical chart audit. | 16 months (from 2 to 18 months postpartum) |
| Quality of Parent-Child Interaction | Video recording and in-vivo coding of mother-child dyads during play and reading. | Change from 2 to 18 months postpartum |
| Home environment and parenting | measured with the Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME). | Change from 2 to 18 months postpartum |
| Receptive and Expressive language | Measured with the Preschool Language Scale - Fourth Edition (PLS4). | Change from 6 to 18 months postpartum |
| Cognitive and neurological development screening | Measured with the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener (BINS) | 4, 6, 9 months postpartum |
| Infant nutrition | Infant Nutrition Interview measured the introduction of news foods, types of foods, and serving portions at each time point. | 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months postpartum |
| Breastfeeding intentions and practices | measured with the Breastfeeding Intentions and Practices Scale | prenatal and postnatal every visit until no longer breastfeeding |
| Pregnancy uplifts and Hassles | measured with the Pregnancy Experience Scale | Baselines (pregnancy) |
| Parenting Satisfaction | measured with the Parenting Satisfaction Scale | Change from 2 to 18 months postpartum |
| Parenting Self-Efficacy | Measured with the Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale | Change from 2 to 18 months postpartum |
| Reading self-efficacy | measured with the Reading Self-Efficacy Scale | Change from 2 to 18 months postpartum |
| Cognitive Development | measured with Exploratory Play Task | 12 and 18 months postpartum |
| Immunizations, medical visits, and growth status | measured through a retrospective medical chart audit. | 18 months postpartum |
| Nashville |
| Tennessee |
| 37212 |
| United States |
| 21272822 | Result | Reich SM, Penner EK, Duncan GJ. Using baby books to increase new mothers' safety practices. Acad Pediatr. 2011 Jan-Feb;11(1):34-43. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2010.12.006. |
| 20385630 | Result | Reich SM, Bickman L, Saville BR, Alvarez J. The effectiveness of baby books for providing pediatric anticipatory guidance to new mothers. Pediatrics. 2010 May;125(5):997-1002. doi: 10.1542/peds.2009-2728. Epub 2010 Apr 12. |