Using collagenase to isolate limbal stem cells and improve the technique of ex vivo expansion of limbal stem cells for the treatment of patients suffering from unilateral limbal stem cell insufficiency based on the concept of "limbal stem cells need special cell-cell contact and cell-extracellular matrix interaction to support their survival".

Patients suffering from unilateral limbal stem cell insufficiency and understand the benefits and risk factors of the operation will be enrolled in this clinical trial. Two weeks before transplantation, the investigators first take 1-2 mm2 of limbal tissues from the healthy eye, digest the tissue with collagenase, and get an epithelial cell cluster. The cell cluster will be cultured on amniotic membrane with SHEM medium which contains Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F12 (1:1), 5% dimethyl sulfoxide, 10 ng/ml human epidermal growth factor, 5μg/ml insulin, 0.5 μg/ml hydrocortisone, 1 nM cholera toxin, 50μg/ml gentamicin, 1.25μg/ml amphotericin B. Seven to ten days later after successful culture, transplantation will be performed after the cells reaches 1.5-2 cm2 compact confluent epithelial sheets without evidence of contamination. During the operation, lamellar keratectomy will be performed to remove the abnormal corneal neovascularization and scar tissue. The cultivated epithelial sheets will be transplanted to denuded corneal surface with fibrin glue and suture technique. The patients are planed to be admitted for 2 weeks. After discharge, follow up of the patients will be performed on one week, two week, one month, two months, three months, six months and one year later. Pictures of external eyes will be taken and the extent of corneal epithelium regeneration, visual acuity, and complications will be recorded during follow-up visits. The investigators plan to collect 10 patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age: between 18-70 years old.
2. Lesion eye should have limbal insufficiency more than 180 degrees.
3. Lesion eye should have recurrent corneal erosions, corneal neovascularisation and poor vision caused by limbal insufficiency.
4. The symptoms should be more than 1/2 year, and have no possibility of improvement by medical treatment.
5. The patients will to received the operation and the long term post- operative follow-up.
6. The patients are not infected by AIDS, hepatitis B/C , and willing to received the associated examinations.
7. The patients does not plan to be pregnant from the day of cell culture and transplantation for 1 year. They also agree to receive the pregnant test.
8. The condition of cell culture from the 1st to the clinical trial is successful.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Bilateral limbal insufficiency.
2. No recurrent corneal erosion, corneal neovascularisation or poor vision was found due to limbal insufficiency. If corneal neovascularisation was found deeper than the anterior 1/2 of corneal stroma, or corneal thickness was less than 200 um evaluated by anterior segment OCT and ultrasound pachymetry, the patients should be excluded from the operation criteria. If corneal thickness becomes thicker, the patients can be enrolled for operation.
3. About corneal sedation, if the value checked by Cocet-Bonnet esthesiometer is less than 5 mm, the patients should be excluded from operation.
4. The condition can be improved by medication, or resolve spontaneously.
5. Post-operative follow up is less than 1/2 year
6. The patient can't receive long term postoperative follow up
7. No light perception, or can be expected to have very poor prognosis
8. If the intraocular pressure was more than 21 mmHg under necessary glaucoma surgery and anti-glaucoma medication, or optic disc cupping was more than 90%, or visual field was found to have severe defects, the patients were excluded from the clinical trial.
9. Severe lagophthalmos or trichiasis, and does not received blepharoplasty.
10. Severe dry eye syndrome. Those patients with schirmer's test result less than 1 mm should be excluded.
11. If the cells in the first part of the clinical trial can't be successfully cultivated, the patients should be excluded. If the patients insisted to received further treatment, they can be enrolled 3 months later.
12. Pregnancy