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To explore the effect of induction and maintenance of anesthesia with etomidate on hemodynamics and oxidative stress in diabetic patients.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group E | Experimental | Etomidate was used in both induction and maintenance of anesthesia. |
|
| Group P | Active Comparator | Propofol was used in both induction and maintenance of anesthesia. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| midazolam | Drug | Before induction, midazolam 0.05mg/kg will be injected intravenously. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mean arterial pressure | Mean arterial pressure will be measured 10 min before the induction (T0), at intubation (T1), 5 min (T2), 15 min (T3) after intubation, 30 min after the beginning of the surgery (T4) and 1 h after the end of the surgery. Beginning of the surgery: beginning of skin incision. End of the surgery: skin suture is finished. | from 10 minutes before induction to 1 h after the surgery |
| Central venous pressure | Central venous pressure will be measured 10 min before the induction (T0), at intubation (T1), 5 min (T2), 15 min (T3) after intubation, 30 min after the beginning of the surgery (T4) and 1 h after the end of the surgery. Beginning of the surgery: beginning of skin incision. End of the surgery: skin suture is finished. | from 10 minutes before induction to 1 h after the surgery |
| Heart rate | Heart rate will be recorded 10 min before the induction (T0), at intubation (T1), 5 min (T2), 15 min (T3) after intubation, 30 min after the beginning of the surgery (T4) and 1 h after the end of the surgery. Beginning of the surgery: beginning of skin incision. End of the surgery: skin suture is finished. | from 10 minutes before induction to 1 h after the surgery |
| Respiratory rate | Respiratory rate will be measured 10 min before the induction (T0), at intubation (T1), 5 min (T2), 15 min (T3) after intubation, 30 min after the beginning of the surgery (T4) and 1 h after the end of the surgery. Beginning of the surgery: beginning of skin incision. End of the surgery: skin suture is finished. | from 10 minutes before induction to 1 h after the surgery |
| Oxygen saturation | Oxygen saturation will be measured 10 min before the induction (T0), at intubation (T1), 5 min (T2), 15 min (T3) after intubation, 30 min after the beginning of the surgery (T4) and 1 h after the end of the surgery. Beginning of the surgery: beginning of skin incision. End of the surgery: skin suture is finished. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Super oxide dismutase | 2 ml blood will be collected 10 min before the induction (T0), at intubation (T1), 5 min (T2), 15 min (T3) after intubation, 30 min after the beginning of the surgery (T4) and 1 h after the end of the surgery. The blood will be preserved below -20 ℃ before super oxide dismutase was measured. Beginning of the surgery: beginning of skin incision. End of the surgery: skin suture is finished. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Penehyclidine Hydrochloride Injection | Drug | Penehyclidine Hydrochloride 0.01mg/kg will be injected intravenously after midazolam is injected. |
|
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| Etomidate | Drug | Induction dose: 0.3 mg/kg. Maintenance dose: 10 μg•kg-1•min-1. |
|
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| Propofol | Drug | Induction dose: 2.0 mg/kg. Maintenance dose: 4 to 6 mg/kg/h. |
|
| Fentanyl | Drug | During induction, after injection of etomidate, fentanyl 3 μg/kg will be given intravenously. |
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| Cisatracurium Besilate | Drug | Cisatracurium Besilate 0.14 mg/kg will be used after fentanyl is injected for induction. During maintenance, intermittent bolus of cisatracurium will be used for maintain muscle relaxation. |
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| Remifentanil | Drug | Remifentanil will be injected continuously during maintenance of anesthesia. |
|
| Sevoflurane | Drug | Sevoflurane of 1% to 2% will be administered via inhalation to keep bispectral index（BIS) between 50 to 55. |
|
| from 10 minutes before induction to 1 h after the surgery |
| Blood glucose | Blood glucose will be measured 10 min before the induction (T0), at intubation (T1), 15 min (T2) after intubation, 1 h after the beginning of the surgery (T3), when the surgery is finished (T4) and 1 h after the end of the surgery (T5). Beginning of the surgery: beginning of skin incision. End of the surgery: skin suture is finished. | from 10 minutes before induction to 1 h after the surgery |
| Insulin | Insulin will be measured 10 min before the induction (T0), at intubation (T1), 15 min (T2) after intubation, 1 h after the beginning of the surgery (T3), when the surgery is finished (T4) and 1 h after the end of the surgery (T5). Beginning of the surgery: beginning of skin incision. End of the surgery: skin suture is finished. | from 10 minutes before induction to 1 h after the surgery |
| from 10 minutes before induction to 1 h after the surgery |
| Glutathione | 2 ml blood will be collected 10 min before the induction (T0), at intubation (T1), 5 min (T2), 15 min (T3) after intubation, 30 min after the beginning of the surgery (T4) and 1 h after the end of the surgery. The blood will be preserved below -20 ℃ before glutathione was measured. Beginning of the surgery: beginning of skin incision. End of the surgery: skin suture is finished. | from 10 minutes before induction to 1 h after the surgery |
| Xanthine oxidase | 2 ml blood will be collected 10 min before the induction (T0), at intubation (T1), 5 min (T2), 15 min (T3) after intubation, 30 min after the beginning of the surgery (T4) and 1 h after the end of the surgery. The blood will be preserved below -20 ℃ before xanthine oxidase dismutase was measured. Beginning of the surgery: beginning of skin incision. End of the surgery: skin suture is finished. | from 10 minutes before induction to 1 h after the surgery |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008874 | Midazolam |
| D005045 | Etomidate |
| D015742 | Propofol |
| D005283 | Fentanyl |
| C101584 | cisatracurium |
| D000077208 | Remifentanil |
| D000077149 | Sevoflurane |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001569 | Benzodiazepines |
| D001552 | Benzazepines |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D007093 | Imidazoles |
| D001393 | Azoles |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D010636 | Phenols |
| D001555 | Benzene Derivatives |
| D006841 | Hydrocarbons, Aromatic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D010880 | Piperidines |
| D011422 | Propionates |
| D000144 | Acids, Acyclic |
| D002264 | Carboxylic Acids |
| D008738 | Methyl Ethers |
| D004987 | Ethers |
| D006845 | Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated |
| D006846 | Hydrocarbons, Halogenated |
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