Background and Aims: Nutritional support is considered an integral part of the supportive care of bone marrow transplantation patients. Parenteral nutrition emulsions enriched with omega-3 fatty acids can modify the inflammatory response. The aim of this study is to compare plasma cytokines levels in children after bone marrow transplantation using a lipid formula enriched in n-3 FA and other classic soybean oil formula in parenteral nutrition.

Methods: A randomized double blinded controlled study including 14 children with BMT and requiring PN for at least 10 days was conducted using a lipid emulsion with fish oil, or soybean oil. Blood samples at baseline, at 10 days and at the end of the PN were taken to analyze plasma interleukins 1 beta, 2, 6, 8, 10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).

Inclusion Criteria:

Term infants. Children with a stable medical condition. Children in need of parenteral nutrition for at least 10 days, except for the cardiac group would be at least 5 days.

Exclusion Criteria:

Premature infants Children over 14 years Children with hypersensitivity to egg ingestion or soy protein Children with severe insufficiency of an organ, Children with inborn error of metabolism, and any condition that does not allow random use of lipid emulsion type.