A proof of concept (POC) study will be conducted in 44 volunteers that have been fully vaccinated against hepatitis B in the past (at least 5 years ago) to assess the safety and immunogenicity of intradermal vaccination with hepatitis B surface vaccine antigen using a newly developed intradermal injection device VAX-ID, compared to intramuscular and intradermal (Mantoux technique) injection.

Inclusion Criteria:

• healthy adults, checked anamnestically (based on medical history) at entry of the study
• 18-35 years
• vaccination status: fully vaccinated against hepatitis B at least 5 years ago, with proof of vaccine response (to avoid non-response among the subjects). Subjects has to ask for a document of this proof at the service occupational medicine of the University of Antwerp.
• capable of understanding, reading and writing Dutch

Exclusion Criteria:

• other vaccination(s) 4 weeks before study onset
• pregnancy and lactation (women will be questioned during anamnesis)
• plan to have other vaccination during the study period