Decision to open a randomized controlled trial with two groups receiving different Botulinum Toxin in comparison to placebo group.

This is a single arm pilot study evaluating the feasibility and preliminary safety of a single intravesical instillation of TC-3 gel mixed with botulinum toxin (BTX) for symptomatic improvement in overactive bladder patients.

BTX is considered as therapeutic option for overactive bladder (OAB). Randomized placebo-controlled studies have shown that BTX administered by intramural injection into the bladder wall in patients with OAB leads to significant improvement in urodynamic parameters and quality of life. (Schurch 2008). On the other hand, the animal study suggests that intravesically applied BTX acts to decrease frequency of bladder contraction by inhibiting sensory mechanism in the urothelium rather than directly through inhibition of the smooth muscle contraction. (Khera 2005). The efficacy of intravesical BTX instillation was only tested in a few open label trials for overactive bladder patients whereby the clinical improvement observed was short-lasting with a mean duration of 6.8 weeks (Petrou 2009, Krhut 2011). The short exposure duration of the urothelium to BTX could be one of the factors responsible for the lack of a sustained effect. TC-3 is a hydrogel with reverse thermal gelation properties that when mixed with BTX and instilled intravesically serves as the drug reservoir allowing for gradual release of BTX and thereby for its extended contact with bladder urothelium.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Female 18 to 85 years old with symptoms of idiopathic OAB for ≥ 3 months prior to screening.
• Patient has signed Informed Consent Form and is willing and able to comply with all requirements of the protocol, including proper completion of the voiding diaries and self-administered questionnaires.
• Patient is non-responder to anticholinergic or beta-agonist drug therapy or is not compliant to the treatment due has intolerable side effects.
• Patient has urination frequency of at least 8 micturitions per 24 hours.
• Patients has at least 3 urinary urgency incontinence (UUI) episodes per 3-day bladder diary, with no more than 1 incontinence-free day.
• Patients has PVR ≤100 ml. Patient with a single PVR of >100 ml and followed by two consecutive PVR measurements of <100 ml may be included in the study).
• If patient is a female of childbearing potential, she has a negative urine pregnancy test at screening visit and practice a reliable method of contraception throughout the study, until 6 months post treatment.
• Patient is mentally competent with the ability to understand and comply with the requirements of the study.
• Patient does not have active urinary tract infection as confirmed by urine culture. In case of UTI proven by urine culture, the patient will be treated with full course of antibiotics, and the instillation will be postponed for 1 week following negative urine culture demonstration.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant (positive urine pregnancy test), planning to become pregnant during the study period, breast-feeding, or of childbearing potential and not practicing reliable contraception**.
• Patient has a clinically significant Bladder Outlet Obstruction (BOO).
• Patient has neurogenic bladder.
• Patient currently uses Clean Intermittent Catheterization (CIC).
• Patient has documented unstable diabetes with or without diabetic neuropathy.
• Patient who is currently undergoing biofeedback, pelvic muscle rehabilitation, pelvic floor physical therapy, or electrical-stimulation.
• Patient with 24-hour total urine volume voided greater than 3,000 ml as measured at screening period.
• Patient with vesico-ureteral reflux, interstitial cystitis, genitourinary fistulae
• Patient with pelvic organ prolapse stage III or IV, (i.e. the most distal part of the prolapse protruding more than 1 cm beyond the hymen at straining)
• Patient with lower tract genitourinary malignancies
• Patient with prior anti-incontinence surgery and interventions including mid-urethral slings, Burch bladder suspension, sacral neuromodulation, or tibial nerve stimulation.
• Patient with prior Botox anti-incontinence therapy.
• Patient with previous pelvic radiation therapy
• Patient who is morbidly obese (BMI > 40 Kg/m2).
• Patient had been treated for 2 or more UTIs within last 6 months.
• Patient on immunomodulatory therapy (suppressive or stimulatory)
• Patient participated in prior clinical trials with BTX+TC-3 gel
• Patient has current major psychiatric disorder or other psychiatric or medical issues that would interfere with study participation (e.g. dementia, psychosis, upcoming major surgery, etc).
• Subject has severe cardiac, pulmonary, renal, or hepatic disease that in the judgment of the study physician would preclude participation in this study.
• Patient with a life expectancy of less than 12 months.