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In this quality improvement program (DKD-TMT), patients will be recruited from multiple sites across Asia, with each site recruiting at least 300 type 2 diabetic patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). After explanation by trained doctors and nurses, and with written informed consent, patients will be randomized to the UC (n=100, usual care) group, the EC (n=100, empowered care) group, or the TEC (n=100, team-based, empowered care) group. Patients in all 3 groups will undergo a comprehensive assessment (CA) guided by the templates in the Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) portal at baseline and at month 12. They will also self-administer a set of questionnaires for assessing quality of life and psychological distress during the CA at both time points.
During the 12 months between the 2 CAs:
The primary composite endpoint is attainment of treatment goals and/or control of risk factors. The secondary composite endpoint is all-diabetes related clinical endpoints. The tertiary changes are behavioral changes, psychological well-being and quality of life.
Hypothesis: Patient empowerment and team-based care augmented by the JADE program with features of risk stratification and decision support improves multiple risk factor control in Asian type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease. Attaining multiple treatment targets reduces all diabetes-related endpoints in these high risk patients.
Objectives: To use the JADE program which 1) includes task delegation and change in workflow augmented by 2) a web-based portal consisting of features of risk stratification, feedback, recommendations and decision support to set up a DKD registry in order to 1) document control of risk factors and care standards in real practice in Asian type 2 diabetic patients; 2) empower doctors and patients to make informed decisions and 3) use a team approach to treat to multiple targets and reduce all diabetes related clinical outcomes.
Study design: This will be a multicentre randomized translational program to compare the effects of usual care (UC) versus empowered care (EC) versus team-based, empowered care (TEC) on risk factor control and clinical outcomes in 3000 patients with DKD in Asian countries.
Intervention: All patients will undergo a comprehensive assessment (CA) guided by the templates in the JADE portal at baseline and at month 12. All patients will also self-administer a set of questionnaires for assessing quality of life (EQ-5D-3L, WHOQOL-BREF, and a Time Trade-Off (TTO) question) and psychological distress (PHQ-9 and DASS-21) during the CA at baseline and at month 12.
During the 12 months between the 2 CAs:
Outcome: The primary composite endpoint is attainment of treatment goals and/or control of risk factors. The secondary composite endpoint is all-diabetes related clinical endpoints. The tertiary changes are behavioral changes, psychological well-being and quality of life.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Usual Care Group | No Intervention | Usual care (UC) group: After undergoing a comprehensive assessment, all patients will receive UC in accordance to the practice of the health institution and return at 12 months for a repeat comprehensive assessment. | |
| Empowered Care Group | Experimental | Empowered care (EC) group: After undergoing a comprehensive assessment, all patients will be given a JADE comprehensive assessment report which is a personalize risk report with treatment targets and decision support with explanation from the doctor and nurse. In addition to receiving UC in accordance to the practice of the health institution, the nurse will provide telephone reminder to patient 3-monthly to remind them to adhere to treatment, provide support and empower them to discuss with their doctors about their treatment needs and any concerns. All patients will return at 12 month for a repeat comprehensive assessment. |
|
| Team-based, Empowered Care Group | Experimental | Team-based, empowered care (TEC) group: After undergoing a comprehensive assessment, patients randomized to the TEC group will be given a JADE comprehensive assessment report which is a personalized risk report for patient empowerment. They will receive telephone reminders and doctor-nurse follow up at least 3 monthly to achieve multiple targets recommended. The patients will also be given JADE reports 3-monthly and return at 12 month for a repeat comprehensive assessment. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Telephone Reminder | Other | Nurse will provide telephone contact to patients every 3 month to remind them to adhere to treatment, provide support and empower them to discuss with their doctors about their treatment needs and any concerns |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Attainment of at least 3 treatment targets | Attainment of at least 3 treatment targets of
| 1 year |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence of all-diabetes related endpoints | Incidence of all-diabetes related endpoints (vascular, cancer, non-vascular non-cancer and all-cause death) between patients who attain at least 3 targets versus those who do not | 1 year |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in A1c | To examine the absolute and % changes in A1c amongst the UC, EC and TEC groups | 1 Year |
| Changes in eGFR | To examine the absolute and % changes in eGFR amongst the UC, EC and TEC groups |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Juliana CN Chan, MD | Asia Diabetes Foundation | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Forth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University | Shengyang | China | ||||
| Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19573118 | Background | Chan J, So W, Ko G, Tong P, Yang X, Ma R, Kong A, Wong R, Le Coguiec F, Tamesis B, Wolthers T, Lyubomirsky G, Chow P. The Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) Program: a web-based program to translate evidence to clinical practice in Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2009 Jul;26(7):693-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02751.x. | |
| 19460913 |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Asia Diabetes Foundation | View source |
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| Doctor-Nurse Follow Up | Other | Patient will be followed by a doctor-nurse team at least 3 monthly to achieve multiple targets recommended as A1c<7%, BP<130/80 mmHg, LDL-C<1.8 mmol/l, triglyceride<1.7 mmol/l and persistence with RAS inhibitors taking into consideration safety and tolerability (e.g. hypoglycemia, hypotension, changes in electrolytes). Patient report will be given after follow up. |
|
| Personalized Risk Report for Patient Empowerment | Other | Patients will be given with personalized risk reports after baseline and 12-month repeat comprehensive assessments. |
|
| 1 Year |
| Use of medication | To understand the use of medications including statins, RAS inhibitors and insulin amongst the UC, EC and TEC groups | 1 year |
| Incidence of ESRD and all-cause death | To examine the difference of incidence of ESRD and all-cause death between patients who are treated to multiple targets and those who are not | 1 year |
| Incidence of all CV events | To investiage the difference of incidence of all CV events including stroke, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, all-cause death between patients who are treated to multiple targets and those who are not | 1 year |
| Incidence of all-site cancer and all-cause death | To examine incidence of all-site cancer and all-cause death between patients who are treated to multiple targets and those who are not | 1 year |
| Cost-effectiveness and quality of life analysis | 1 year |
| Changes in lipid | To examine the absolute and % changes in lipids amongst the UC, EC and TEC groups | 1 year |
| Changes in BP | To examine the absolute and % changes in BP amongst the UC, EC and TEC groups | 1 year |
| Changes in body weight | To exmine the absolute and % changes in body weight amongst the UC, EC and TEC groups | 1 year |
| Changes in albuminuria | To exmine the absolute and % changes albuminuria amongst the UC, EC and TEC groups | 1 year |
| Hong Kong |
| Hong Kong |
| Department of Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital | Hong Kong | Hong Kong |
| Universiti Sains Malysia | Kubang Kerian | Kelantan | Malaysia |
| University Malaya Medical Centre, University of Malaya | Kuala Lumpur | Malaysia |
| Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea | Seoul | Gyenonggo-do | South Korea |
| Hally University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital | Gyeonggi-do | South Korea |
| Seoul St.Mary's Hospital, The Catholic Unviersity of Korea | Seoul | 137-701 | South Korea |
| Taipei Veterans General Hospital | Taipei | Taiwan |
| Theptarin Hospital | Bangkok | 10110 | Thailand |
| Hoa Hao MEDIC Company LMT | Ho Chi Minh City | Vietnam |
| Chan JC, So WY, Yeung CY, Ko GT, Lau IT, Tsang MW, Lau KP, Siu SC, Li JK, Yeung VT, Leung WY, Tong PC; SURE Study Group. Effects of structured versus usual care on renal endpoint in type 2 diabetes: the SURE study: a randomized multicenter translational study. Diabetes Care. 2009 Jun;32(6):977-82. doi: 10.2337/dc08-1908. |
| 16916809 | Background | Wu JY, Leung WY, Chang S, Lee B, Zee B, Tong PC, Chan JC. Effectiveness of telephone counselling by a pharmacist in reducing mortality in patients receiving polypharmacy: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2006 Sep 9;333(7567):522. doi: 10.1136/bmj.38905.447118.2F. Epub 2006 Aug 17. |
| 16378791 | Background | Leung WY, So WY, Tong PC, Chan NN, Chan JC. Effects of structured care by a pharmacist-diabetes specialist team in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Am J Med. 2005 Dec;118(12):1414. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.07.050. |
| 15280527 | Background | Leung WY, So WY, Tong PC, Lo MK, Lee KF, Ko GT, Chan WB, Cockram CS, Brenner BM, Shahinfar S, Critchley JA, Chan JC. The renoprotective effects of structured care in a clinical trial setting in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004 Oct;19(10):2519-25. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfh408. Epub 2004 Jul 27. |
| 24781960 | Background | Chan JC, Sui Y, Oldenburg B, Zhang Y, Chung HH, Goggins W, Au S, Brown N, Ozaki R, Wong RY, Ko GT, Fisher E; JADE and PEARL Project Team. Effects of telephone-based peer support in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving integrated care: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Jun;174(6):972-81. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.655. |
| 35333363 | Derived | Chan JCN, Thewjitcharoen Y, Nguyen TK, Tan A, Chia YC, Hwu CM, Jian D, Himathongkam T, Wong KL, Choi YM, Mirasol R, Mohamed M, Kong APS, Ma RCW, Chow EYK, Ozaki R, Lau V, Fu AWC, Hong EG, Yoon KH, Tsang CC, Lau ESH, Lim LL, Luk AOY. Effect of a Web-Based Management Guide on Risk Factors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A JADE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Mar 1;5(3):e223862. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.3862. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003928 | Diabetic Nephropathies |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007674 | Kidney Diseases |
| D014570 | Urologic Diseases |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D048909 | Diabetes Complications |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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